What is Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The purpose of this study is to examine the international AI guidelines specific to education through a scoping review and a content analysis approach. To achieve this purpose, nine international AI guideline documents which include the ethics of AI in education were analyzed and, as a result, researchers identified a total of 82 keywords and 12 principles. The findings of the study indicate that some of the ethical principles—namely, transparency; diversity and equity; accountability; privacy and data protection; security and safety; sustainability and societal well-being; democratic participation in education policy planning and AI practices; empowerment of teachers and teaching; and empowerment of learners and learning—are being accepted and adopted globally in these nine international AIED guidelines. The three ethical principles (i.e., autonomy, ethical design, and commercialization), however, were not emphasized in all the documents addressed. The results of the study are expected to provide valuable knowledge on how to use AI in education ethically and responsibly.