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What is Rules

Chapter 7
Handbook of Research on Lessons Learned From Transitioning to Virtual Classrooms During a Pandemic
Set of rules that govern behaviors and actions within the system of activities.
Published in Chapter:
Using Online Learning Environments With Kindergarten Children During the COVID-19 Emergency: A Case Study in Italy
Martina Benvenuti (Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy), Augusto Chioccariello (National Research Council, Institute for Educational Technology, Italy), and Sabrina Panesi (National Research Council, Institute for Educational Technology, Italy)
Copyright: © 2021 |Pages: 19
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-6557-5.ch007
Abstract
This chapter explores kindergarten children's use of specific online applications such as WhatsApp and YouTube to maintain social relationships between each other and with their classroom teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Using Vygotskian theorisation of learning through interaction with more expert people (teachers and parents) and Leontev's theory of functional organ, this study verifies that children often learned without an expert's presence, using strategies such as trial and error and discussion, and through maintaining social relationships among themselves and with their teachers. Specifically, the study involved two Italian kindergartens (42 children) and six teachers. Analysis of the children's work and of teacher interviews shows that, during the Italian lockdown, the pre-school children used applications as learning environments in the form of functional organs, and this proved useful for carrying on kindergarten activities and for maintaining social relationships.
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Chapter 502
PROLOG
Are another type of statement made in Prolog (along with facts) and are also called “clauses.” Rules are really extensions of facts in Prolog, with added sub-goals that also have to be satisfied to be found true by the interpreter. A rule consists of a head (a predicate and argument) and a body (sub-goals) separated by the:- symbol. For example, fault (electric):- car_will_not_start,no_lights. This rule has two sub-goals which must both be found in the database for the rule to succeed (the car will not start and has no lights).
Published in Chapter: PROLOG; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Second Edition
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Chapter 446
Expert (Knowledge-Based) Systems
IF-THEN statements used to express domain-specific knowledge about relations between conditions and conclusions or between situations and actions.
Published in Chapter: Expert (Knowledge-Based) Systems; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition
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Chapter 25
Organizational Activity: Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Workplace Cyberbullying Prevention
The implicit and explicit regulations, expectations, norms, and behavioral models that shape a subject’s actions within an activity system.
Published in Chapter: Organizational Activity: Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Workplace Cyberbullying Prevention; From: Handbook of Research on Cyberbullying and Online Harassment in the Workplace
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Chapter 5
Social Interaction Through Structured Play Activities and Games in Early Childhood
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Chapter 3
Self-Directed Learning Is a Social Activity (and Not a Generalized Skill)
The norms and expected behaviors of a community or activity system, both formalized and spoken, or unexpressed. One of the major learning goals of communities is to enculturate individuals to the rules of a community, which are constantly in flux as individuals exercise agency and adapt or create goals, roles, and tools.
Published in Chapter: Self-Directed Learning Is a Social Activity (and Not a Generalized Skill); From: Supporting Self-Regulated Learning and Student Success in Online Courses
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Chapter 1
Current State of Learning Analytics: A Synthesis Review Based on the Combination of Activity Theory and Pedagogy
In this chapter a term related to pedagogy, mainly involving two aspects, showing three contents: content (the organization of the content, the presentation or delivery strategy of the content), assessment, learning theory thoughts embodied the first two.
Published in Chapter: Current State of Learning Analytics: A Synthesis Review Based on the Combination of Activity Theory and Pedagogy; From: Advancing the Power of Learning Analytics and Big Data in Education
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Chapter 296
Ecology of Games as a Framework for Analysing E-Government Project Implementation
The written or unwritten codes of conduct that shape actor moves and choices during a game.
Published in Chapter: Ecology of Games as a Framework for Analysing E-Government Project Implementation; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition
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