What is Programmatic

Education for sustainable development (ESD) is one of the multiple approaches advanced in the last two decades to address sustainability challenges affecting the world. While all types and levels of education have a role to play, higher education institutions are seen as the main drivers of change, but actions remain fragmented and inadequate. This chapter attributes this to inadequate knowledge about suitable approaches that would bring about transformation for sustainability. Premised on the transformative learning theory and adopting an integrative literature review method, this chapter attempts to bring together ESD appropriate programmatic and pedagogical approaches. Findings reveal the whole system, curriculum, and competence-based programmatic approaches blended with the adoption of learner-centered, holistic, integrative pedagogical approaches as the best for achieving the transformative purposes of ESD.