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What is Espionage

Chapter 1
Analyzing New Forms of Social Disorders in Modern Virtual Environments
Illegal access by a sovereign state to another country's Internet networks, computers or databases in order to obtain confidential information.
Published in Chapter:
The Essence of Cyber Security: The Main Historical Stages of the Development of Cyber Threats
Nika Chitadze (International Black Sea University, Georgia)
Copyright: © 2023 |Pages: 20
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-5760-3.ch001
Abstract
The speed of technology development has completely changed the international security landscape. The world is faced with massive cyber challenges. Cyber security is a global challenge that transcends state borders and requires collective international cooperation. Even though the world's leading countries, members of the European Union, and the alliance are trying to deal with cyber threats independently, none of the states has been able to effectively fight against cyber challenges. The fight against cybercrime at the international level is possible only with the collaboration of countries, with a collective approach.
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Chapter 15
The Challenge of Democratization in Africa: From Digital Democracy to Digital Authoritarianism
Act of spying and intelligence gathering by a foreign government to obtain secret and confidential information about another government. It involves the use of spies or unsanctioned monitoring devices to obtain political, industrial, or military information.
Published in Chapter: The Challenge of Democratization in Africa: From Digital Democracy to Digital Authoritarianism; From: Regulating Human Rights, Social Security, and Socio-Economic Structures in a Global Perspective
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Chapter 6
Cyberwar: Its Psychological Impact on Employees and Consequences for Organizations
It is the act of spying on other nations in order to get their trade secrets.
Published in Chapter: Cyberwar: Its Psychological Impact on Employees and Consequences for Organizations; From: Handbook of Research on War Policies, Strategies, and Cyber Wars
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Chapter 3
The Role of Education and Awareness in Tackling Insider Threats
This is the act of acquiring private information without the authorization from the owner of the confidential information and it is often referred to as spying or obtaining secret information which can be political, military, or industrial in format.
Published in Chapter: The Role of Education and Awareness in Tackling Insider Threats; From: Cybersecurity Education for Awareness and Compliance
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