This is the environmental impact that human activities have. Human interactions with each other as well as the environment produce side effects like degradation, pollution, erosion, etc. which are harmful to the environment.
Published in Chapter:
The Role of Institutions in the Discourse of Sustainable Development in West African Countries
Alhassan Abdulwakeel Karakara (University of Cape Coast, Ghana) and
Evans S. Osabuohien (Covenant University, Nigeria)
Copyright: © 2021
|Pages: 13
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4817-2.ch002
Abstract
There are few studies on the role of institutions in achieving sustainable development that infer that these institutions offer the mechanisms for resource and environmental management. Thus, twelve West African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo) are covered in the study using data from World Development Indicators and World Governance Indicators. Six main outcome variables are used. These are CO2 emissions per capita, CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption, CO2 emissions from manufacturing and construction, total greenhouse gas emissions (kt of CO2 equivalent), and CO2 intensity. A two-step generalised method of moment (GMM) found that governance effectiveness and regulatory quality as curtails the rate of CO2 emissions. Policy implications are discussed.