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In this study the authors shall endeavour to find answers to how the development of scientific competencies can be taught to primary school children and which methods can be adopted in order to make science learning meaningful according to an inquiry-based approach in a primary school setting. In section one, the methodology aims at active and meaningful learning, and at developing critical thinking and collaborative skills. The teaching methodology based on inquiry will be highlighted showing how this approach is stimulating and motivating for students, enabling them to apply their research skills, to build on meaning and to acquire scientific knowledge through practical experience. In section two, a programme followed by a third grade class will be described. The learning of science actively involves the students in its different stages - formulating the research questions, planning, and carrying out the research to answer the question all are stimulating activities. The following is a simple example of the 5E methodology, an approach based on inquiry.