Science of Emotional Intelligence

Introduction

Emotional intelligence (EI), commonly referred to as Emotional Quotient (EQ), encompasses the capacity to identify, comprehend, regulate, and leverage one's own emotions, as well as the emotions of others. The concept involves a balanced interaction between self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy, social skills, and intrinsic motivation (Knežević et al., 2021). EQ surpasses traditional assessments of cognitive abilities as it explores the complex domains of human emotions, which impact our perception, understanding, and reactions to the surrounding environment. EI emerges as a pivotal factor for achieving success, fulfillment, and harmonious connections within the intricate tapestry of human existence (Killgore et al., 2022). EQ is the practice of effectively managing and understanding our own emotions as well as the emotions of others. This skill extends beyond the confines of academia and profoundly impacts several aspects of our personal and professional spheres (Sokić, 2022).

EI has garnered significant attention in both scholarly investigations and ordinary conversations and encompasses a variety of interrelated elements that contribute to one's emotional well-being, interpersonal connections, and overall achievement (Sánchez-Núñez et al., 2020). EI originates from the foundation of self-awareness. This fundamental component entails identifying and appropriately categorizing one's emotions as they manifest. Individuals exhibiting elevated levels of self-awareness demonstrate a profound comprehension of their emotional states, enabling them to navigate and manage these affective experiences adeptly (Doan et al., 2020). The foundation for cultivating EI is established through this introspective understanding.

Expanding upon the concept of self-awareness, EI includes the component of self-regulation, which refers to an individual's ability to manage their emotions effectively and flexibly. Self-regulation encompasses a range of techniques aimed at managing impulsive responses and preserving emotional equilibrium, particularly in situations that present difficulties or obstacles (Segura et al., 2020). Empowering individuals enables them to engage in reasoned responses rather than impulsive reactions, promoting resilience and emotional stability. EI expands to include the quality of empathy. Empathy can be defined as the cognitive and affective ability to comprehend and value individuals' emotional experiences (EEs), whereby one actively assumes their emotional standpoint to get a deeper understanding of their viewpoints and sentiments (Vaquero-Solís et al., 2020). Individuals who possess empathy demonstrate a heightened awareness of the emotional requirements of others, which allows them to establish more profound connections, help, and manage social encounters with a greater degree of sensitivity and compassion (Husain et al., 2022).

Establishing and maintaining successful interpersonal interactions are considered a defining characteristic of those with a high level of EI. Social skills are considered a crucial element of EI, empowering individuals to negotiate the intricacies inherent in human contact adeptly (Jiménez-Picón et al., 2021). These qualities involve effectively communicating, resolving conflicts, collaborating, and demonstrating leadership capabilities. Individuals with strong social skills demonstrate exceptional abilities in establishing and sustaining interpersonal connections, cultivating favorable group dynamics, and promoting collaboration across diverse settings (Iqbal et al., 2022). Motivation is an additional crucial aspect of EQ, and individuals are propelled by intrinsic motivation to pursue goals with fervor and tenacity. The concept encompasses the capacity to utilize emotions to drive motivation, especially when confronted with challenges or obstacles. Individuals with high motivation levels tend to exhibit greater resilience, adaptability, and perseverance in pursuing their long-term goals (Knežević et al., 2021).