Load-Based Compensation Using Active Power Filters: A Comprehensive Review

Load-Based Compensation Using Active Power Filters: A Comprehensive Review

Dinesh Kumar Nishad, Amar Nath Tiwari, Saifullah Khalid
Copyright: © 2024 |Pages: 21
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3693-1954-3.ch019
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Abstract

This review covers load-based compensation and active power filters for electrical system power quality improvements. Shunt or series compensating devices at the load terminal improve reactive power control, voltage stability, and power transfer. Active power filters inject compensatory currents or voltages to reduce harmonic distortion and reactive power use. Power quality can be improved with shunt, series, or hybrid APFs. Voltage-oriented control provides sinusoidal references for current or voltage control loops using voltage signal phase information. The authors investigate sliding mode control, which uses discontinuous control signals for fast dynamic response and durability. Although it has disadvantages, PI control is commonly utilized in speed control. Fuzzy logic and neural networks enable adaptive and intelligent APF control, which we investigate. With active power filters and load-based modifications, reactive power regulation and harmonic reduction improve power system performance and stability.
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Overview Of Active Power Filters (Apfs)

Different types of power filters are discussed Singh et al. (1999); Akagi (1996). The primary purpose of using active filters is to improve power quality in supply systems. Various topologies of shunt and series active power filters (APFs) have been devised to combine the benefits of regulated supply systems with reduced ratings of passive components Akagi et al. (1984); Peng et al. (1987); Akagi (1994); Fujita and Akagi (1991). Active Power Filters (APFs) emerge as pivotal agents in elevating power quality within electrical systems. They wield prowess in curtailing harmonic distortion in current waveforms and rectifying power factor aberrations. Noteworthy is their supremacy over alternative methodologies, as extolled in existing literature. Through the infusion of compensatory voltage and current harmonics and the meticulous alignment of these electrical parameters via a Power Quality Conditioner (PQC), the tumultuous journey of disruptive components along the distribution line is systematically quelled Choudhury et al. (2021a).

Parallel Active Power Filters (PAPFs) distinctly serve as a remedy for mitigating harmonic current sources, while the series active filter assumes the mantle in ameliorating harmonic voltage sources. This functional dexterity is underpinned by the judicious inclusion of a substantial capacitor term in the rectifier’s DC connection, ensuring a quasi-steady DC courtesy of the generously proportioned DC smoothing inductor Moufid and Tahar (2022). The taxonomy of active power filters, rife with diversity, pivots on parameters such as converter type, topology, control scheme, and compensation features. Topologically, these filters neatly slot into categories like shunt, series, or the versatile hybrid configuration, which ingeniously amalgamates passive and active compensatory techniques Hoon et al. (2019).

Figure 1.

Illustration of survey

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Shunt Active Power Filters (SAPFs)

The shunt active power filter (APF) mitigates the current harmonics and provides the solution for reactive power consumption and low power factor in distributed electrical power systems Gali et al. (2017). Shunt active power filters inject harmonic compensating current equal to and opposite to the current harmonics, which reduces the harmonic distortion in the current waveform and corrects the system’s power factor Puhan et al. (2020).

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