Abstract
This chapter examines conceptualizations and applications of validity in qualitative research within applied linguistics and language education. It outlines the importance of addressing validity given the complexity of language phenomena and contextual embeddedness of language research. Strategies to enhance ethical qualitative practice are discussed. Limitations of existing validity approaches for these fields are critiqued and alternative perspectives proposed. Additionally, the chapter analyzes myriad validity considerations regarding the multifaceted nature of language and aims of language-focused inquiries, providing case study examples. Methodological and ethical strategies to strengthen qualitative research validity are explored, emphasizing reflexivity and researcher positionality. The chapter argues for embracing expanded conceptual lenses aligned with ethical priorities to realize rigorous, equitable and justice-oriented qualitative practice.
TopConceptualizing Validity In Qualitative Research
Validity represents a central quality standard underpinning the rigor and perceived credibility of scholarly research. However, validating qualitative research has proven complex given extensive epistemological debates across paradigms (Cho & Trent, 2006; Whittemore et al., 2001). Positivist perspectives that dominated early conceptualizations assume an objective, knowable reality whereby validity denotes the truthfulness with which findings match an external world (Kirk & Miller, 1986; Maxwell, 1992). This stance advocates methodological controls to reduce biases and establish causality. Yet the applicability of imposing such natural science models to qualitative approaches has undergone substantial critiques from postpositivist, constructivist, critical, feminist, and postmodern paradigms (Guba & Lincoln, 1994; Lather, 1993; Richardson & Pierre, 2005).
Key Terms in this Chapter
Transformational validity: Situating research as a catalyst to confront social inequities through participants' experiences rather than focusing narrowly on methodological accuracy.
Catalytic validity: Seeks authentic collaboration with marginalized communities to transform conditions of inequality through ethical, empowering inquiry.
Validity: The accuracy and credibility of research findings and interpretations. It ensures analyses are grounded in the data and represent participants' realities.
Transactional validity: Verifying research findings through strategies such as triangulation and member checking that aim for credibility, trustworthiness, and transparency.
Reflexivity: A researcher's critical self-awareness regarding their own values, biases, assumptions and how these may influence interpretations.
Contextual validity: Stresses the importance of understanding research findings through the sociocultural contexts and frames of reference of participants.