Abstract
In view of increasing energy demands and the pressing need for sustainable solutions, grid-interactive building infrastructure has emerged as a viable and efficient option to meet the energy needs of communities and buildings. The following introduction explores the concept of grid-interactive building infrastructure, with a focus on a specific case study in Kashinagar, Odisha, India. Currently, the electric needs of the undertaken site are met through the conventional power grid, resulting in significant operating costs amounting to $6,039 per year. A proposed system is being introduced to address this challenge, incorporating 496 kW and 36 kW of solar and wind energy generation capacity, respectively. By integrating renewable energy sources, this solution aims to reduce operating costs to a negative value of -$11,432 per year. In addition to the economic and environmental benefits, the studied grid-interactive building infrastructure suggests an independent and resilient energy system.
TopIntroduction
Decarbonisation and decentralization are pivotal cornerstones for meeting the enormous increase in energy demand caused by growing urbanization, enabling a global low-carbon economy. Due to greenhouse gas emissions, the world is experiencing considerable and accelerating climate change. As part of its August 2022 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) goals to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), India committed to two of the four targets at Conference of the Parties (COP26), 26thsession. These two goals are to reduce the intensity of its emissions by 45% below 2005 levels by 2030 and to expand the share of non-fossil power capacity to 50% by 2030 (Kacker & Srivastava, 2023). According to an International Energy Agency (IEA) report, infrastructure and building construction account for one-third of worldwide energy consumption and generate around 15% of global CO2 emissions. With a population of 1.4 billion people and counting, India's housing industry will need to create 400-600 million square meters of developed space per year until 2030 to meet escalating demand (IEA, 2022). As the demand for buildings and infrastructure grows, so does the demand for energy surged in the form of power consumption for cooling, heating, lighting, cooking and many other requirements.
Paper layout: Remaining portion of the paper has been described as follows: energy potential assessments of the site, problem statements, literature survey, mathematical modeling, study methodology, hybrid system modeling, component costing and financial analysis, simulation results, and at end conclusion.
Energy Potential Assessments of the Site
In the Gajapati district in the Indian state of Odisha, Kashinagar serves as both the town and the administrative center for a community development block of the same name. There were 9684 people living in Kashinagar as of the 2011 India Census. The state DISCOs are in charge of medium voltage power distribution and transmission throughout the several districts of Odisha. The tehsil office, community health center, block office, notified area council office, revenue inspector office, etc. are only a few of the prominent buildings there with high energy requirements. These enterprises will receive sustainable power from the hybrid renewable energy. The grid-interactive building infrastructure is extremely important for the local community as well as the larger energy environment. The site has advantages from its strategic position, plentiful sunshine, and favorable wind conditions, giving it a good place for deploying renewable energy based building solutions. Furthermore, this system's adoption is consistent with national and international obligations to combat climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Kashinagar's adoption of grid-interactive building infrastructure contributes to India's ambitious renewable energy targets and supports global efforts towards a low-carbon future.
Table 1.
Geographical co-ordinates of the undertaken location
| Country | Location | State | Latitude (°N) | Longitude (°E) |
| India | Kashinagar | Odisha | 18° 51.5’N | 83° 52.8’E |
Key Terms in this Chapter
IEA: International Energy Agency
UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
PEB: Positive energy building
SCM: Smart Cities Mission
IoT: Internet of things
ZEB: Zero energy building
UHI: Urban heat island
IRR: Internal rate of return
NPV: Net present value
COP26: Conference of the Parties, 26th Session
NDC: Nationally Determined Contribution
Bee: Bureau of Energy Efficiency
BIM: Building information modelling