Abstract
Due to COVID-19 pandemic, all learning activities must be done from home. The majority of students, lecturers, and universities are not ready to face these revolutionary and unplanned changes. Many problems arise in this circumstance from the lack of distance learning infrastructures, and also unpreparedness in terms of the lecturer's pedagogical aspects which cause the delivery of material not optimally delivered. In addition, the condition of learning from home sometimes does not work optimally because there is interference with the internet connection while learning is taking place that may cause the delivery of material to not be as clear as face to face, and this is worsened by student boredom because online learning is felt to be more monotonous. But, from the research, the authors found that students with entrepreneurial elements could make their learning from home activities more exciting. So, this chapter will describe the importance of entrepreneurial elements that the authors believe could make learning from home more exciting.
TopIntroduction
The world has experienced the Covid-19 Pandemic since the beginning of 2020. This pandemic started in Wuhan, mainland China in early 2020. The spread of this virus was fast because it coincided with the Chinese New Year celebrations, where many people gathered to celebrate the Chinese New Year. In a short time, the virus spread beyond the Wuhan territory, and even overseas. In early March 2020, the first Covid-19 patient was confirmed in Indonesia. The first two cases of Covid-19 were officially announced by President Joko Widodo back on March 2nd, 2020. These cases were related to a Japanese citizen who tested positive in Malaysia in late February after visiting Indonesia in early February. Before this announcement, Indonesia had no confirmed cases of Covid-19 although the Covid-19 already had spread widely in its neighbouring countries. Despite that announcement back in early March 2020, the decision to shut down learning activities at schools and universities was not followed promptly. The decision to close schools and universities was made in mid-March by two provinces (DKI Jakarta and West Java) since these two provinces experienced the outbreak earliest. Until now, this pandemic is still happening in Indonesia and all over the world.
This pandemic has had a tremendous impact on all aspects of human life, especially on the economic sector. The economic sector is the most affected by this pandemic because one way to stop or slow down the spread of the virus is to reduce mobility or people's activities outside the house. This has resulted in the closure of many shops, reduced hotel occupancy, decreased flight activity, closure of tourist attractions, and also the elimination of activities that involve many people in the same place, such as music concerts, watching movies, seminars, sporting events. In short, almost all economic activity stopped, almost all business sectors were closed, except for matters related to basic needs and health services. The Directorate of Statistical Analysis and Development said that several international institutions predict that world economic growth in 2020 contracted in the range of 3.4-4.3 percent (2020). Since this pandemic occurred, many countries have entered the brink of recession. In June 2021, Indonesia Economic Prospects (IEP) reported that the global economy experienced one of the most severe recessions, shrinking by 3.5 percent in 2020 compared to 1.7 percent in 2009 during the global financial crisis. Indonesia is also inseparable from this pandemic and experienced a 2.07 percent contraction in economic growth (The Directorate of Statistical Analysis and Development, 2020). But IEP (2021) said that the recession in Indonesia (-2.1 percent) was milder than among Emerging Markets and Developing Economies, EMDEs (-4.3 percent excluding China). In addition to the recession, Indonesia is also experiencing an increasing number of unemployment and poverty rates. About 1.8 million Indonesians became unemployed between February 2020 and 2021 (IEP 2021). The IEP report also said that About 2.8 million people have fallen into poverty as of September 2020 with the government’s social assistance program mitigating a potentially worse outcome (2021).
In addition to having a tremendous impact on the economic sector, this pandemic has also affected the practice of all areas of human life, including in the field of education. Due to the Covid-19 outbreak, all learning activities must be done from home, or we usually say it by learning from home.
Figure 1. Time Series of School Closure Status from March 2020 to February 2021
But surprisingly, not all schools all around the world were fully closed during this pandemic. UNICEF report (2021) said that at first, about 150 countries had fully closed their schools, while about 10 countries were partially closed and another 10 were fully open. The number of countries that partially open their schools started to increase in May 2020 (UNICEF, 2021). And now, as we can see in Figure 1, around 100 countries have started to open schools fully. The time series of school closure from March 2020 to February 2021 can be seen in Figure 1. In Figure 2, it can be seen that most schools in North America are partially closed. Meanwhile, most schools are still fully closed in Latin America and the Caribbean, South Asia, Eastern and Southern Africa, and also in the Middle East and North Africa.
Figure 2. School closure status in several days and by region, from March 2020 to February 2021
Key Terms in this Chapter
Entrepreneurial Elements: Three element of personalities that usually owned by entrepreneurs, i.e., innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness. But those element personalities may be owned by people who are not even entrepreneurs.
Learning: Activity to gain knowledge that can be held offline or online, formal, or informal, headed by someone who has more knowledge (such as teacher, mentor, lecturer) or do independent by student themselves.
Online Learning: Learning activities using internet media.