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TopCharacterizations Of Br And Nd
Simon (1947) submitted that BR induces the individual to rely upon past experiences, heuristics (i.e., rules-of-thumb), and the limited information at hand in the attempt to render an “effective” decision that prescribes action. These cognitive rules-of-thumb draw upon suboptimal measures; this condition can then be coupled with actions that magnify the complex problem rather than solve the problem. Simon (1947) counseled that humans cannot possibly obtain or process all the information needed to make fully rational decisions; they instead seek to use the information they do have to produce a satisfactory result or one that is “good enough.” Simon (1947) described humans as being bound by their own cognitive limits, which then distill to a simplified view of their world and their role within it.
Effective collaboration involves the application of coordination processes and techniques relevant to the problem addressed within an operating arrangement wherein formal and informal interactions may transpire (Agranoff & McGuire, 2003). The ability of an organization to conduct such coordination actions while reducing cost demonstrates its fitness (Marino & Wright, 2020, 2021). Adaptability and reduction in organizational fragility are quickly established by those entities that demonstrate the property of ND within a federation of subsystems (Simon, 1996, 2002). The ND framework provides a realistic set of determinants of the fit organization; this condition portends the longevity of an organization due to its capacity to efficiently and effectively mitigate those forces that can challenge its very presence (Simon, 1962, 2000, 2002).
According to Simon (2002), the ND system can be “thought of as a units-within-units hierarchy” featuring the capacity to engage in “equilibrating interactions within unit at any level” (p. 589). Simon (2002) further noted that “at any level of complexity, ND systems will evolve much faster than systems of comparable complexity that are not ND” (p. 592). Systems, then, that do not possess the property of ND will simply be unable to compete successfully in rate of adaptation with those demonstrating ND.
TopChronic Deficiencies In U.S. Navy Ship Building
This study, as guided by the AT framework, was an examination of the notion that the current U.S. naval fleet lacks comprehensive interagency collaboration during the shipbuilding process. Evaluation of quality assurance and related assessments identified multiple managerial deficiencies in key knowledge areas (Table 1; Agranoff & McGuire, 2003). Some of the most notable issues were ship design failures, standard shortfalls, supervisors of shipbuilding, conversion and repair (SUPSHIP) policy failures, contractor accountability, and surveillance.