Management of Regulation and Managerial on Sports Organizations in Indonesia: Relationship Between Institution, Communication, Resources, Disposition, Bureaucracy

1. Introduction

In global association governance, the excellence of a nation compared to other nations in the world is generally measured through the economic advantages or superiority of the armed forces. But there are interesting developments paradigm, in addition to the above two elements of excellence, sporting achievements are also considered as a benchmark of excellence of a country in the forum interaction between nations. Excellence in sporting achievements will serve as a universal value in the governance of the international association. This is in line with the opinion of Kristiyanto (2012) which says that the universal value of sports excellence in the governance of relationships between nations in the world is undeniable. Even sporting achievement engraved by athletes of a nation, does not necessarily invite a sense of pride for other nations.

World recognition of sporting achievement is very prestigious. Therefore, every country has a policy and strategy of each doing sport development towards international achievements. The sport development policy of each country is strongly influenced by the situation and condition of each. The policy, as a guide in determining the attitude and thinking of sports stakeholders to achieve the goals set. Sports development of a country, generally guided by some interests like to raise the dignity, the dignity and honor of the nation, gaining diplomatic recognition, competition ideology, or for the benefit of domestic politics. Policies in China, according to Houlihan and Green (2008), explain that careful examination of sporting achievement in the development of China indicates that sporting achievement is done to help take advantage of the political implementation. In Thailand, according to Wagner in National Development Planning Agency (2013) explains that the sport is regarded as an important part of the development of socio-civic. Especially for Singapore, according to Houlihan and Green (2008) explains that Singapore encourages the search for foreign athletes to increase opportunities for Singapore to win a medal and most of the French elite athletes and their performance is generated from the path of government-backed elite sports.

The study on implementation of the sports policy until now has been mostly done by researchers in both foreign and domestic. Results of the research show the importance of infrastructure in sports activities, in particular to increase public participation and sports clubs, and that the countries in the world who get success in the field of sports it turns out the government give good attention to the development of sport in their respective countries (Wicker, Hallman and Breuer, 2013; Phillips and Newland, 2013; Cuskelly and Hoye, 2013). Also, Aji (2013), describes the Sepak Takraw coaching athletes in Central Java PPLP 2013. Hidayatullah, Sunarya and Subarjah (2013), describes that the support of parents is very meaningful associated with the motivation of athletes to excel. Paradise (2011) in a study is aimed at evaluating the Tennis Development Program athlete in Padang, taking into account how much support the government and society, human resources available. Of the theories presented by some experts, researchers chose the theory of Edward III (1980) on Implementing Public Policy as the theoretical basis. This is due to the empirical data factors that affect the delivery of training, relatively close to the influential variables in the theory of Edward III (1980), namely communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure.