Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Fighting With the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)

1. Introduction

In the month of December 2019, the spread of novel corona virus had begun from the most of the population of a large city in the Chinese province of Hubei, Wuhan. Presently, the corona virus is responsible over millions of deaths worldwide (Medical News Today, n.d.). SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus is responsible for causing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (hereafter named as COVID-19). After the successful isolation and identification, the virus mainly responsible for pneumonia was originally names as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) but then WHO officially named it as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and also declared outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 as a emergency for public health in the international concern on 30 January 2020. The cause of panick bout the SARS-CoV-2 is strong transmission capacity(Zheng et al., 2020). This virus has rapidly propagated due to widespread person-to-person transmission. This rapid transmission of virus makes the control and prevention very critical. The confirmation of COVID-19 is performed with the help of virus-specific RT–PCR, which takes up to 2 days for getting the results (Mei et al., 2020). Early detection of disease is very essential for individual penitents for its cure for rapid start of treatment and to stop its spread along large public groups. Also, after detection the infected person/group of person can be isolated from the healthy peoples and to prevent of disease spread (Medical News Today, n.d.; Mei et al., 2020).

Generally after getting infected with COVID-19 virus the patient shows common symptoms as cough, fatigue and fever. Some other symptoms like headache, hemoptysis, sputum production, lymphopenia, dyspnea and diarrhea are also observed in patients. After an incubation period of approximately 5.2 days, the symptom of COVID-19 appears in the infected person. Also, it takes 6-41 days with the average of 14 days for COVID-19 Symptoms to death in deadly affected person. This period is dependent on some several factors such as age of patient and his immune system. COVID-19 shows some of the similarities with earlier beta-coronavirus like dry cough, fever, dyspnea and bilateral ground-glass opacities on chest CT scans while it has some unique clinical symptoms which targets the lower airway as evident by upper respiratory track indications such as sneezing, sore throat and rhinorrhoea. In addition with this the CT scan of chest shows pneumonia but in several cases the it shows abnormal features such as acute cardiac injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, RNAaemia, and incidence of grand-glass opacities which causes death (Huang et al., 2020) (Assiri et al., 2013; Ren et al., 2020; Rothan & Byrareddy, 2020).

To lower down affected patients and casualties due to COVID-19 it is necessary to prevent and control the widespread of virus among the healthy peoples. All government personals, NGO, volunteers, doctors, police and many other personals are fighting for monitoring, prevention and control of COVID-19. Besides this huge effort by the people’s outbreak of COVID-19 is still continuous. On the other hand, these efforts only human efforts are not sufficient. Some of the computational tools like internet of things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can boost the human efforts to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter focuses some of the methodologies and applications of IoT and AI in the fighting against the COVID-19. The collection of these strategies at single platform will definitely help corona worriers to fight with more strength against COVID-19.