Introduction
Due to the efforts of the worldwide community to address substantial environmental apprehensions, the insufficient obtainability of resources, and the consequences of an unwavering emphasis on rapid industrialization, the need for sustainable manufacturing(SM) has become a critical concern in the twenty-first century. The integration of sustainability principles, circularity, and resilience at all levels, including selection of materials, design, manufacturing, distribution of goods, and disposal practices of products after their useful life, is the primary focus of this approach. In light of the ongoing increase in the world's inhabitants and the subsequent surge in demand for goods, infrastructure, energy, it is abundantly clear that the traditional linear manufacturing practices, which are founded on the belief that there is an infinite supply of resources and the delegation of environmental responsibilities to other organizations, are not going to be sustainable in the longer term any more. Goods that are produced through a linear manufacturing process eventually deteriorate into rubbish, which is eventually either gets disposed of in landfills or by incineration processes. This leads to significant ecological implications, such as the increase of greenhouse gases(GHG) in the atmosphere, and the destruction of habitations. A sustainable manufacturing environment is one in which products are manufactured and engineered in a methodical manner with a focus on their entire lifecycle, beginning with the extraction of raw materials and ending with the disposal or recycling of the completed product at the end of its useful existence. When designing for sustainability, the goal is to minimize the use of resources, the consumption of energy, and the generation of waste. This is accomplished by giving priority to the use of environmentally friendly materials, manufacturing methods that are efficient, and the incorporation of components that are recyclable or biodegradable. In addition to this, it promotes the fusion of renewable resources, such as wind and solar power, into manufacturing processes, which ultimately leads to a reduced reliance on fossil fuels and a decrease in emissions of GHG. An additional benefit of sustainable manufacturing is that it promotes the utilization of innovative technologies and novel materials. The development of a wide range of environmentally friendly materials, such as bioplastics, bio-composites and recycled metals, is now being addressed by researchers. These materials are not harmful to the environment and provide the mechanical properties that are necessary for a wide variety of practical applications. These materials have the potential to have a substantial impact on a variety of industries by lowering the reliance on primary resources needed for production and minimizing the negative effects that manufacturing processes have on the environment.
In the subject of sustainable manufacturing, the concept of "design for regeneration" is an important assumption that must be made. This idea emphasizes the importance of integrating ecological factors into the design as well as the manufacturing processes of a variety of different things. It makes an effort to develop products and systems that are designed to have a beneficial effect on the ecosystems with which they interact. The production of designs that maximize the use of resources, reduce the amount of waste produced, and improve energy efficiency while simultaneously addressing environmental and sustainability goals is made easier with the assistance of generative design software. Researchers are able to study design choices that may not be immediately clear to human designers. This not only makes it simpler to produce goods that are friendly to the environment, but it also fosters creativity by allowing researchers to investigate these alternatives. The third component of regenerative design is referred to as modular and adaptive design, and its primary objective is to create products that can be easily disassembled, fixed, and enhanced. The use of this method effectively reduces the frequency with which replacement and disposal are required, hence extending the product's lifespan and lowering the environmental impact of production.
At this point in time, the manufacturing industry is characterized by intense market competition, production processes that are both complicated and constantly evolving, conditions that are unexpected, and a market that is volatile. The advancement of the global economy is driven by a number of important variables, including competitiveness, innovation, and sustainability. In order to achieve success in the increasingly competitive global market, manufacturing companies need to supply individualized products while simultaneously reducing costs, reducing the amount of time it takes to bring products to market, maintaining product quality, and ensuring that customers are satisfied. The adoption of cutting-edge technology as key components of national manufacturing policies and programs is being aggressively advocated for by a number of industrialized nations in order to achieve the manufacturing goals that they have set for themselves. In addition, there has been an emphasis placed on the utilization of digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain (BC), Digital Twin (DT), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Big Data Analysis (BDA), Internet of Things (IoT), and Additive Manufacturing (AM) in order to address manufacturing, optimization, and scheduling issues in order to combat industrial pollution and prevent the waste of resources. One of the first steps that can be taken to encourage responsible production and consumption is to make use of the digital tools that are supporting the Fourth Industrial Revolution in order to facilitate the implementation of a circular economy. There is a large variety of data that is generated throughout the intricate process of designing and producing a product or industrial equipment. This process includes design, manufacture, maintenance, and the different stages of recycling, reusing, and retrofitting. The complete footprint of the entire lifecycle is contained within this data collection. Computational intelligence(CI) based data analysis models through utilization of these data can develop SM environments which have the potential to improve energy efficiency, extend the lifespan of items and materials, and recover value at the conclusion of their lifecycle. The adoption of circular economy models and the utilization of digital technologies are two ways in which businesses can begin the process of transitioning towards more environmentally responsible production and consumption practices.