Carbon emission simply means the release of carbon into the atmosphere. Because greenhouse gas emissions are usually calculated in carbon dioxide equivalents, they are often referred to as “carbon emissions” in any discussion of global warming or greenhouse gas impacts.
Published in Chapter:
The Asymmetric Impact of Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Population, and R&D on Carbon Emission in Turkey: Evidence From ARDL and Non-Linear ARDL
Nurcan Kilinc-Ata (National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia)
Copyright: © 2022
|Pages: 16
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8482-8.ch013
Abstract
The presented study analyzes the asymmetry effect of research and development (R&D) expenditures, population growth, energy consumption, and economic growth on carbon emissions in the sample of Turkey for the period 1990-2020. Nonlinear ARDL is used to control the asymmetry of the variables. Linear ARDL is used to control the long-term and short-term relationships between the variables. The findings show that there is a symmetrical or linear relationship between the variables of R&D expenditures, population growth, energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emissions. The findings display that economic growth and R&D are effective in reducing carbon emissions, while energy consumption seems to increase carbon emissions. Interestingly, the population was found to be effective in reducing carbon emissions in the study. In order for Turkey to reach its 2050 target, it is necessary to give priority to environmental regulations and policies.