What is Real-Time Monitoring

This chapter presents an overview of water pollutants and sensor technologies for monitoring them. The chapter emphasizes detection and quantification techniques while discussing chemical, physical, and biological contaminants in surface and groundwater. In addition to examining real-time monitoring advancements, this study delves into critical sensors, including spectroscopic, electrochemical, biosensor, and remote sensing technologies that are emerging, lab-on-a-chip, and nanomaterials. An analysis is conducted on the prospects of water pollutant sensors that progressively improve sensitivity, selectivity, and cost-effectiveness. This extensive evaluation enhances comprehension and resolution of water pollution issues while advocating for sustainable water management strategies that benefit ecosystems and human health.