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What is Racism

Chapter 9
Global Food Politics and Approaches to Sustainable Consumption: Emerging Research and Opportunities
The unfair dealing with who belong to a different race.
Published in Chapter:
Politics of Food Distribution: Role of the Church in Africa
Charles Anozie Anyanwu (Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Nigeria)
Copyright: © 2020 |Pages: 24
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-0125-2.ch009
Abstract
The chapter discusses politics of food distribution (Acts 6: 1-6) and the role of the church in Africa. The work contends that the church in Africa has not done enough in ameliorating or solving the food crisis resulting from inadequate food production and distribution systems. The purpose of the work is to explicate the politics of food distribution as represented in Acts 6:1-6 and make recommendations to the church in Africa. The methods of investigation are exegesis of the Acts of the Apostles 6: 1-6 and review of existing works. Major findings from the study suggest that politics of food distribution was caused by many factors namely: population growth, racism, ethnocentrism, and discrimination. The chapter recommends that the church should mobilize her human and material resources to enhance food production and distribution for her members and nonmembers. Policies and mechanisms to improve food distribution were suggested.
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Chapter 6
Victimization, Cultural Imperatives, and Empowerment of People of Color in the United States
Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one's race is superior.
Published in Chapter: Victimization, Cultural Imperatives, and Empowerment of People of Color in the United States; From: Global Perspectives on Victimization Analysis and Prevention
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Chapter 16
Decolonial, Feminist, and Antiracist Pedagogies: Opening Paths Toward Diversity Through Teacher Training
Ideology that supports the existence of a relationship between belonging to a socially created category (race) and the possession of specific characteristics. The difference between some groups and others can be biological, pseudo-biological, cultural, historical, or religious and it is used to create supremacist hierarchies.
Published in Chapter: Decolonial, Feminist, and Antiracist Pedagogies: Opening Paths Toward Diversity Through Teacher Training; From: Handbook of Research on Promoting Social Justice for Immigrants and Refugees Through Active Citizenship and Intercultural Education
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Chapter 1
The Dream Team: How Counselors and Classroom Teachers Form a Vital Alliance
The social-construct that one race is superior to another. The result is that one race treats the other race as a subordinate.
Published in Chapter: The Dream Team: How Counselors and Classroom Teachers Form a Vital Alliance; From: Supporting Early Career Teachers With Research-Based Practices
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Chapter 17
Economic Deglobalization, Regionalism, and Localism Processes Driven by Populism and Nationalism
Ideology that defends the superiority of one race over the others and the need to keep it isolated or separated from the rest within a community or a country.
Published in Chapter: Economic Deglobalization, Regionalism, and Localism Processes Driven by Populism and Nationalism; From: Considerations of Territorial Planning, Space, and Economic Activity in the Global Economy
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Chapter 7
Nobody Knows the Troubles That I See: Perceptions of African American Women Professors Regarding Their Lived Experiences in the Academy
A belief that race is a fundamental determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.
Published in Chapter: Nobody Knows the Troubles That I See: Perceptions of African American Women Professors Regarding Their Lived Experiences in the Academy; From: Black Female Leaders in Academia: Eliminating the Glass Ceiling With Efficacy, Exuberance, and Excellence
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Chapter 11
Navigating Inequitable (Mis)Treatment and Racist Harassment in Higher Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Self-Decentered Autoethnographic Case
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Chapter 17
“What Kind of Blackfella Are You Anyway?”: Digital Violence, Intersectional Racism, and Discrimination Against Australian Aboriginals and Black Americans
Attributing particular mental, emotional, psychological, physical or other features to a group based on their race, and actively discriminating someone on this basis.
Published in Chapter: “What Kind of Blackfella Are You Anyway?”: Digital Violence, Intersectional Racism, and Discrimination Against Australian Aboriginals and Black Americans; From: Handbook of Research on Cyber Approaches to Public Administration and Social Policy
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Chapter 15
Reflecting on Race and Health Outcomes: Through the Eyes of a Pre-Health Professional Student
Conscious or unconscious prejudice or discrimination that is targeted towards individuals or group based on their membership in a certain racial group.
Published in Chapter: Reflecting on Race and Health Outcomes: Through the Eyes of a Pre-Health Professional Student; From: Handbook of Research on Developing Competencies for Pre-Health Professional Students, Advisors, and Programs
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Chapter 8
Hegemonic Forces: Black Faculty's Sisyphean Task in Higher Education
The belief that different races possess distinct characteristics, abilities, or qualities, especially so as to distinguish them as inferior or superior to one another.
Published in Chapter: Hegemonic Forces: Black Faculty's Sisyphean Task in Higher Education; From: Black Women Navigating Historically White Higher Education Institutions and the Journey Toward Liberation
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Chapter 11
Critical Whiteness as a Professional Approach to Inclusive Teaching in Teacher Education
Racism is an ideology that stereotypes people based on external characteristics or negative ascriptions. They are categorised as a “race” or “ethnicity” and excluded. This is done primarily on the basis of biological characteristics (skin colour, shape of face and body, etc.). Racism is used to justify slavery, exploitation and even genocide.
Published in Chapter: Critical Whiteness as a Professional Approach to Inclusive Teaching in Teacher Education; From: Building Inclusive Education in K-12 Classrooms and Higher Education: Theories and Principles
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Chapter 14
Teaching and Learning in Turbulent Times: International College Students in the U.S.
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Chapter 9
What's Respect Got to Do With It?: A Black Woman's Experience With the Role of Respect in Academia
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Chapter 7
Undermining Leadership Effectiveness
An attitude of hostility based on a person’s race or ethnic origin; feelings of superiority of one race over another.
Published in Chapter: Undermining Leadership Effectiveness; From: Navigating Micro-Aggressions Toward Women in Higher Education
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Chapter 7
Afrocentric Thought in Adult Education
the denial or prohibition of access to social and economic opportunities, equal rights, and justice based on the attribute of race.
Published in Chapter: Afrocentric Thought in Adult Education; From: Handbook of Research on Adult Learning in Higher Education
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Chapter 8
On Anti-Asian Hate as an Ego-Based and Social-Political Force in a Time of COVID-19: Mixed Roles of the U.S. Leaders and Social Web
Prejudice against an individual or a group based on their racial or ethnic backgrounds (often as a member or members from minority or marginalized groups).
Published in Chapter: On Anti-Asian Hate as an Ego-Based and Social-Political Force in a Time of COVID-19: Mixed Roles of the U.S. Leaders and Social Web; From: Handbook of Research on Cyber Approaches to Public Administration and Social Policy
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Chapter 9
The Relationship Between Social Justice Issues and Emotional Intelligence (EI): A Literature Review
Prejudice or biasness based on race of the people are identified as racism. Various incidents of violence related to skin color remind us the existence of this social evil.
Published in Chapter: The Relationship Between Social Justice Issues and Emotional Intelligence (EI): A Literature Review; From: Handbook of Research on Organizational Justice and Culture in Higher Education Institutions
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Chapter 6
Peer Support of Graduate Students of Color Through a Formal Graduate Student Association
A complex system of biased behaviors, actions, and institutions that allocate, reinforce, and maintain power and privilege of dominant racial groups (i.e., white people) over non-dominant racial groups (i.e., people of color).
Published in Chapter: Peer Support of Graduate Students of Color Through a Formal Graduate Student Association; From: Handbook of Research on Social Inequality and Education
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Chapter 3
Cultural Biases in Transitional Writing Courses and Their Effect on Hispanic Students in Texas
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Chapter 8
Language, Identity, and Racism in Postsecondary Classrooms
Discriminatory acts among learners in multiracial classroom setting based on shared language and ethnic background.
Published in Chapter: Language, Identity, and Racism in Postsecondary Classrooms; From: Interrogating Race and Racism in Postsecondary Language Classrooms
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Chapter 9
Designing Learning Environments That Integrate With Students' Academic Learning in a Community College Setting
Detrimental treatment directed against a person or group based on their membership or perceived membership in a racial or ethnic group.
Published in Chapter: Designing Learning Environments That Integrate With Students' Academic Learning in a Community College Setting; From: Applying Design Thinking to the Measurement of Experiential Learning
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Chapter 9
When “Karen” Is Your Colleague: A Case Analysis on Managing Peer Policing in the Academy
The oppression of black and brown people by white people via systems and structures working seamlessly behind the scenes to support the status quo of whiteness.
Published in Chapter: When “Karen” Is Your Colleague: A Case Analysis on Managing Peer Policing in the Academy; From: Black Women Navigating Historically White Higher Education Institutions and the Journey Toward Liberation
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Chapter 15
Identity Regulation Through the Whiteness of “Right Fit”: Mitigating Racism in Graduate Recruitment
Operates through a system of advantage that benefits groups racialized as white compared with other racialized groups (e.g. BAME or BME).
Published in Chapter: Identity Regulation Through the Whiteness of “Right Fit”: Mitigating Racism in Graduate Recruitment; From: Handbook of Research on Sustainable Career Ecosystems for University Students and Graduates
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Chapter 5
School Counselors as Social Justice Advocates: Dismantling Racism and Bias in Schools
An action that occurs when a majority group demonstrates bias, prejudice, and/or discrimination to oppress minority or marginalized ethnic or racial groups.
Published in Chapter: School Counselors as Social Justice Advocates: Dismantling Racism and Bias in Schools; From: Developing, Delivering, and Sustaining School Counseling Practices Through a Culturally Affirming Lens
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Chapter 7
My Skin Color Is Not Mi Pecado
A system of unequal power and privilege where humans are divided into groups or “races” with social rewards unevenly distributed to groups based on their racial classification. Variations of racism include institutionalized racism, scientific racism, and everyday racism. In the United States, racial segregation constitutes a fundamental principle of how racism is organized (Collins, 2009).
Published in Chapter: My Skin Color Is Not Mi Pecado; From: Hispanic Women/Latina Leaders Overcoming Barriers in Higher Education
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Chapter 61
Age, Race and Gender Issues Related to On-line Learning
The “ideology that all members of each racial group possess characteristics or abilities specific to that race, especially to distinguish it as being either superior or inferior to another racial group.”
Published in Chapter: Age, Race and Gender Issues Related to On-line Learning; From: Encyclopedia of Information Communication Technologies and Adult Education Integration
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Chapter 4
The Myth of Colorblindness: Helping Educators Recognize the Role of Race in the PreK-12th Grade Classrooms
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Chapter 5
Language and Leadership in the Midst of Social Unrest: A Critical Analysis of Educational Leaders' Responses to Racial Violence in the Era of the Pandemic
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Chapter 7
Students of Color and Anecdotal Pedagogy: A Success Story
Prejudice and discrimination against people on the basis of race and ethnicity.
Published in Chapter: Students of Color and Anecdotal Pedagogy: A Success Story; From: Examining Social Change and Social Responsibility in Higher Education
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Chapter 4
Methodological Proposals for a Renewal of Antiracist Socio-Educational Action
System that structures interpersonal, institutional, and cultural dimensions for the purpose of letting one group dominate and inferiorize another based on the racialization of differences. It is expressed through a set of ideas, discourses and practices intended to ignore, stigmatize, discriminate, exclude, exploit, attack and dispossess.
Published in Chapter: Methodological Proposals for a Renewal of Antiracist Socio-Educational Action; From: Handbook of Research on Promoting Social Justice for Immigrants and Refugees Through Active Citizenship and Intercultural Education
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Chapter 23
Reporting Race and Ethnicity in International Assessment
“A fundamental characteristic of social projects which create or reproduce structures of domination based on essentialists categories of race” (Omi & Winant, 1994, p. 162 n2).
Published in Chapter: Reporting Race and Ethnicity in International Assessment; From: Handbook of Research on Assessment Technologies, Methods, and Applications in Higher Education
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Chapter 13
Dealing With the Elephant in the Classroom: Reflections From a Graduate Course That Argues That Race Still Matters in Service Learning!
A form of systemic racial oppression of one racially defined group over other racially defined groups. It is rooted in an ideology or belief in a racial hierarchy that establishes an empirically false, yet perceived superiority of one race over another. It is a systemic phenomenon that reinforces the racial hierarchy throughout societal institutions including the laws, politics, policies, cultural norms, and practices. Racism is systemic in nature and has visible and implicit characteristics that support the perpetuation of racial privileges for one group, such as Whites, over other groups, People of Color and those of African descent.
Published in Chapter: Dealing With the Elephant in the Classroom: Reflections From a Graduate Course That Argues That Race Still Matters in Service Learning!; From: Handbook of Research on Service-Learning Initiatives in Teacher Education Programs
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Chapter 5
Diversity in the Classroom: Building Bridges and Breaking Barriers Among Minority Students
Racism can be defined as the transformation of racial prejudice into individual racism by using power directed against racial members who are defined as inferior (Neville, 2004 AU73: The in-text citation "Neville, 2004" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ).
Published in Chapter: Diversity in the Classroom: Building Bridges and Breaking Barriers Among Minority Students; From: Handbook of Research on Race, Culture, and Student Achievement
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Chapter 16
Communication and Marketing in the Fight Against Racism in the Sports Context: A Theoretical Reflection on European Football
Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism by an individual, community, or institution against a person or people on the basis of their membership of a particular racial or ethnic group, typically one that is a minority or marginalized.
Published in Chapter: Communication and Marketing in the Fight Against Racism in the Sports Context: A Theoretical Reflection on European Football; From: Handbook of Research on Digital Violence and Discrimination Studies
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Chapter 2
The Terrorized Experiences of Latina Bilingual Preservice Teachers With Language and Race
Overt and covert acts of discrimination and antagonism toward a person or people based on their racial/ethnic affiliation.
Published in Chapter: The Terrorized Experiences of Latina Bilingual Preservice Teachers With Language and Race; From: Interrogating Race and Racism in Postsecondary Language Classrooms
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Chapter 16
The Toll of the Racial Status Quo: A Case Study of Black Students' Experiences in a Majority-White U.S. High School
The systematic devaluation and oppression of a certain racial group, alongside the systematic privileging of another.
Published in Chapter: The Toll of the Racial Status Quo: A Case Study of Black Students' Experiences in a Majority-White U.S. High School; From: Handbook of Research on Race, Culture, and Student Achievement
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Chapter 7
The Discourse of Turkish Press on 2016 U.S. Presidential Elections and the Inauguration of Donald Trump
The doctrine that claims that a specific race is superior to other races by reducing the social characteristics of people to their biological and racial characteristics.
Published in Chapter: The Discourse of Turkish Press on 2016 U.S. Presidential Elections and the Inauguration of Donald Trump; From: Popular Representations of America in Non-American Media
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Chapter 14
Anti-Racism Movement on Campus and Educational Leadership
A belief that race is a fundamental determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.
Published in Chapter: Anti-Racism Movement on Campus and Educational Leadership; From: Handbook of Research on Educational Leadership and Research Methodology
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Chapter 19
How an Anti-Racist Organizational Change Model Can Build Capacity to Support Historically Excluded Students: A Guide for Advisors and Administrators of Pathway Programs
A system of structuring opportunity and assigning value based on the social interpretation of how one looks that unfairly disadvantages some individuals and communities, unfairly advantages other individuals and communities, and saps the strength of the whole society through the waste of human resources (Jones as cited by Kaiser Permanente Institute for Health Policy, 2016).
Published in Chapter: How an Anti-Racist Organizational Change Model Can Build Capacity to Support Historically Excluded Students: A Guide for Advisors and Administrators of Pathway Programs; From: Handbook of Research on Developing Competencies for Pre-Health Professional Students, Advisors, and Programs
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Chapter 10
An Ethics-of-Care Approach to Developing Students' Antiracist Practice in SLP Curricula: The Cross-Cultural-Communication Project
Any internalized mental construct that suggests one racial group is inferior or superior to another racial group in any way.
Published in Chapter: An Ethics-of-Care Approach to Developing Students' Antiracist Practice in SLP Curricula: The Cross-Cultural-Communication Project; From: Critical Perspectives on Social Justice in Speech-Language Pathology
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Chapter 19
Political Economy of Anti-Refugee in Turkey and Cyber-Racism: Thematic Analysis of #suriyelilerdefolsun Hashtag
Describing a group as a lower class or upper class in society due to language, religion, physical characteristics, ethnicity and similar characteristics.
Published in Chapter: Political Economy of Anti-Refugee in Turkey and Cyber-Racism: Thematic Analysis of #suriyelilerdefolsun Hashtag; From: Handbook of Research on the Political Economy of Communications and Media
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Chapter 1
Silenced, Shamed, and Scatted: Black Feminist Perspective on Sexual Trauma and Treatment With African American Female Survivors
Racism is the ability of one group to use its collective race prejudices to control the livelihood of another group of a different race.
Published in Chapter: Silenced, Shamed, and Scatted: Black Feminist Perspective on Sexual Trauma and Treatment With African American Female Survivors; From: #MeToo Issues in Religious-Based Institutions and Organizations
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Chapter 3
Revisiting the Effects of –isms in the Promotion, Development, and Revitalisation of Indigenous Languages in Zimbabwe: The Position of Sesotho in Gwanda South, Zimbabwe
A belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capabilities and that racial difference produces an inherent superiority of a particular race, racial prejudice or discrimination. Some racists believe that biology has something to do with racial prejudice.
Published in Chapter: Revisiting the Effects of –isms in the Promotion, Development, and Revitalisation of Indigenous Languages in Zimbabwe: The Position of Sesotho in Gwanda South, Zimbabwe; From: Handbook of Research on Teaching in Multicultural and Multilingual Contexts
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Chapter 7
A Bibliometric Analysis of Digital Feminism Research
It is the tendency to regard one's race as superior to others and to base its political attitude on it. Among the reasons for its occurrence, there are mostly intellectual reasons as well as economic reasons.
Published in Chapter: A Bibliometric Analysis of Digital Feminism Research; From: Handbook of Research on Digital Violence and Discrimination Studies
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Chapter 10
A Forensic Psychological Perspective on Racism in Schools of Educational Leadership: Impact on Organizational Culture
Any acts of prejudice and discrimination, intentional or unintentional, that are against certain racial groups based on the belief that one’s own race is superior.
Published in Chapter: A Forensic Psychological Perspective on Racism in Schools of Educational Leadership: Impact on Organizational Culture; From: Handbook of Research on Organizational Justice and Culture in Higher Education Institutions
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Chapter 7
Racial Differences in Perceptions of Shared Leadership Among IT Managers
Unfair treatment based on race, ethnicity, religion, or culture that results in unequal distribution of power, resources, or opportunities (Trenerry & Paradies, 2012).
Published in Chapter: Racial Differences in Perceptions of Shared Leadership Among IT Managers; From: Effective Strategies for Communicating Insights in Business
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Chapter 2
Cultural Considerations to Enhance Student Success
A belief that race is a fundamental determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.
Published in Chapter: Cultural Considerations to Enhance Student Success; From: Developing, Delivering, and Sustaining School Counseling Practices Through a Culturally Affirming Lens
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Chapter 6
The “Double-Whammy” of Being Black and a Woman in Higher Education Leadership
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Chapter 11
Sis I See You!: Stories of Black Women Administrators – Lifting the Veil, Stories of Black Women Administrators at HWIs
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Chapter 12
Eternal Graffiti: Using Poetry to Develop Social Justice Educators
The discrimination or oppression of people of color at any level (e.g., individual, systemic, societal).
Published in Chapter: Eternal Graffiti: Using Poetry to Develop Social Justice Educators; From: Integrating Social Justice Education in Teacher Preparation Programs
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Chapter 7
The Five Rs of Prison Reform With Ethnoracially Diverse Offenders: A Clinical Forensic Psychological Perspective
A personal or institutional action that disproportionately negatively affects historically oppressed groups based on their perception of their experience or evidence. The consequences of the actions of the person or institution may be perceived as prejudicial, discriminatory, differential based on membership of one’s racial or ethnic group.
Published in Chapter: The Five Rs of Prison Reform With Ethnoracially Diverse Offenders: A Clinical Forensic Psychological Perspective; From: Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System
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Chapter 1
Disparity in Higher Education and the Need for Equitable Teaching Paradigms and Strategies
Belief that race determines human traits and that differences between races places one race in superior standing over another.
Published in Chapter: Disparity in Higher Education and the Need for Equitable Teaching Paradigms and Strategies; From: Integrating Transparency in Learning and Teaching (TILT): An Effective Tool for Providing Equitable Opportunity in Higher Education
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Chapter 7
Challenging the Silences: Leading Change to Support Indigenous Representation and Priorities in Australian Libraries
The term racism is used in this paper to refer to the discriminatory treatment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples due to their identity as First Nations peoples. This racism is systemic in the colonial project of Australia and is apparent in both overt and covert forms.
Published in Chapter: Challenging the Silences: Leading Change to Support Indigenous Representation and Priorities in Australian Libraries; From: Perspectives on Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Libraries
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Chapter 7
Social Justice Issues Examined
Believing and classifying various groups along certain characteristics in a deterministic way that sets one group above another socially, economically, et al.
Published in Chapter: Social Justice Issues Examined; From: Comparing Black Deaths in Custody, Police Brutality, and Social Justice Solutions
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