What is Pre-Attack Behaviors

Terrorism has become a global security threat that requires interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches to address. The challenge posed by it is huge and can only be minimized through the collective efforts of stakeholders. Therefore, this study explores mass violence as a global phenomenon with its consequences on security of lives and properties. Terrorism as an act of mass violence hinged on ideological persuasions has become a great challenge in many parts of the world. In addition to surging cases of conventional terrorism, lone wolf terrorism seems to be seeking special research attention, considering its continued prevalence and multifaceted evolvement and peculiarities. Definitional complexity seems to continue to blur the understanding of lone wolf terrorism as authorities differ in their approaches to definitions. However, all definitional positions point to the lethality of lone wolf terrorism. The study systemically applies ecological system theory to provide measures for the mitigation of mass violence with an emphasis on lone wolf terrorism.