What is Opus Caementicium

Reality-based digital models assist in the achievement of accurate analysis of historical buildings as well as archaeological sites and, more in general, of monuments featuring more or less complex forms. Their reliability is particularly useful when the state of conservation of masonries and vaults has been altered due to deterioration phenomena or as a consequence of incorrect interventions. In these cases, a highly detailed “digital copy” of the ancient constructions, if correctly observed via reverse modelling applications, can provide useful indications for an accurate and scientifically-based digital reconstruction. The Octagonal Hall of Small Baths at Hadrian's Villa, with its daring design of vaults and audacious building techniques, was chosen to test several interpretation techniques based on the customization of contemporary reverse modelling procedures integrated with standard protocols of design analysis and archaeological investigation.