Standards are adopted by the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures (CPM), which is the governing body of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). Standards provide guidance to contracting parties in meeting the aims and obligations of the Convention. The intention of ISPMs is to harmonize phytosanitary measures for the purpose of facilitating international trade. ISPMs can cover a wide range of issues, including surveillance, pest risk analysis, establishment of pest free areas, export certification, phytosanitary certificates, and pest reporting. The IPPC encourages adoption of these standards, but they only come into force once contracting (members) and non-contracting parties to establish requirements in national legislative instruments. Compares with the Animal Health Codes on the OIE website. https://www.ippc.int/en/core-activities/standards-setting/ispms/ .
Published in Chapter:
Surveillance for Early Detection of High-Consequence Pests and Pathogens
John H. Bowers (USDA APHIS, USA), Jerry R. Malayer (Oklahoma State University, USA), Beatriz Martínez-López (University of California, Davis, USA), Joseph LaForest (University of Georgia, USA), Charles T. Bargeron (University of Georgia, USA), Alison D. Neeley (USDA APHIS, USA), Leonard B. Coop (Oregon State University, USA), Brittany S. Barker (Oregon State University, USA), Alexander J. Mastin (University of Salford, UK), Stephen R. Parnell (University of Salford, UK), Allard A. Cossé (USDA APHIS, USA), Brian J. McCluskey (Trace First Inc., USA), Scott A. Isard (The Pennsylvania State University, USA), and Joseph M. Russo (Independent Researcher, USA)
Copyright: © 2022
|Pages: 58
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7935-0.ch005
Abstract
Surveillance is one of the core activities of national organizations responsible for human, animal, or plant health, with the goal of demonstrating the absence of infection or infestation, determining the presence or distribution of infection or infestation, and/or detecting as early as possible exotic or emerging pests and pathogens that may be harmful to agriculture and the environment. Surveillance is a tool to establish absence of the pest or pathogen, monitor trends, facilitate the mitigation and control of infection or infestation, provide data for use in risk analysis, substantiate the rationale for sanitary measures, and provide assurances to trading partners, producers, and the public. The type of surveillance applied depends on the objectives of the surveillance, the available data sources, resources, and the outputs needed to support decision-making.