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What is Fractal Curve

Chapter 5
Contemporary Developments in High-Frequency Photonic Devices
Recursive structures describe many real-world objects like clouds, mountains, trees, coastlines and Brownian motion, which do not correspond to simple geometric shapes. Fractal geometry, which was introduced in 1975 by B.B. Maldelbrot, mathematically defined these extremely intricate self-similar shapes. His work inspired interest and has made fractal geometry and its application a very popular field of study. A fractal is a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be subdivided in parts, each of which is a reduced copy of the whole. The amazing realization towards combination of fractal geometry with electro-magnetic theory has led to the development of novel class of antennas called fractal shaped antennas which have received significant attention in applied electromagnetic research community. Fractals in antenna engineering are based on analysis and design of fractal radiating elements and incorporation of fractal shaped antenna arrays. In antenna community, it is known as fractal antenna engineering. As fractal geometry is an extension of classical geometry, its appearance provides engineers with the unprecedented opportunity to explore number of configurations for possible use in the development of new and innovative antenna designs.
Published in Chapter:
Fractal-Inspired Ultra-Wideband Diversity Slot Antenna for Wireless Communication Systems
Anirban Karmakar (Tripura University, India) and Anuradha Saha (Netaji Subhash Engineering College, India)
Copyright: © 2019 |Pages: 28
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8531-2.ch005
Abstract
A novel compact ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) slot antenna with band notch characteristics is presented for portable wireless UWB applications. The antenna comprises of co-planar waveguide feed (CPW) and two radiating monopoles oriented in orthogonal orientation for providing orthogonal radiation patterns. A Minkowski fractal parasitic stub along with a Minkowski fractal grounded stub has been placed at 45° between the monopoles to reduce the coupling between them, which in turn establishes high isolation between the radiators. An excellent band notch characteristic is obtained at 5.5 GHz by etching a modified E-shaped compact slot on the radiators. Results show that the designed antenna meets -10 dB impedance bandwidth and -17 dB isolation throughout the entire operating band (3.1 -12 GHz). Novelty of this design lies in improving isolation using fractal which occupies less space in compared to other isolation mechanisms in MIMO structures. The simulated and measured results depict that the proposed antenna is convenient for MIMO diversity systems.
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Chapter 3
Design and Analysis of an UWB Printed Monopole Antenna with Hilbert Curve Fractal Shaped Slots for Multiple Band Rejection Functionality
Recursive structures describe many real-world objects like clouds, mountains, trees, coastlines and Brownian motion, which do not correspond to simple geometric shapes. Fractal geometry, which was introduced in 1975 by B.B.Maldelbrot, mathematically defined these extremely intricate self-similar shapes. His work inspired interest and has made fractal geometry and its application a very popular field of study. A fractal is a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be subdivided in parts, each of which is a reduced copy of the whole.
Published in Chapter: Design and Analysis of an UWB Printed Monopole Antenna with Hilbert Curve Fractal Shaped Slots for Multiple Band Rejection Functionality; From: Handbook of Research on Advanced Trends in Microwave and Communication Engineering
Full Text Chapter Download: US $37.50 Add to Cart
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