A paleo-hydrological relation (factorial) of two rivers, in which chronologically the latter river flows in the opposite direction from the original direction of the previous river. Countercurrents occur at higher stages of paleohydrological development. These are high-ranking hydrodynamic phenomena, requiring a greater degree of fluvial and hub conditions: bifluvium, recon, or bicon.
Published in Chapter:
Fluvial Dynamics, Hypocycloids, and Hydro-Dynamic Cycles
Vladan Kuzmanović (University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia)
Copyright: © 2022
|Pages: 15
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7356-3.ch035
Abstract
Complex hydrological models find adequate formalization in co-nodal systems, given the abundance, multiplication, dynamics, relations of elements (hubs and nodes) and systems (basins and rivers), as well as chronologies. Hydrological models function on the principle of nodes and orientations. Hypo-cycloids (in the text: h-Cycloids) are time-spatial categories; the subject of hydrodynamic nonlinear analysis, they do not exist entirely realistically as recent flows, but are present only partially, phased, as partial flows. Hypo-cycloids are formed by summing cycles with a combination of overlapping and alternating flows. Cycles are time-spatial categories of co-nodal reconstruction. Fluvial dynamics is logically composed of nodal sets, hub systems, and junctions that are polyvalues (polyvalent, multi-oriented, cyclic) of a diverse model rather than a single-oriented output of just a simple physical model. The chapter examines four of the world's largest interfluviums: Parana-Paraguay, Euphrates-Tigris, Mississippi-Ohio, Danube-Tisza.