What is Energy Policy

Recent events like the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict have disrupted the supply-demand balance and triggered a new energy crisis, impacting the world economy. The rapid increase in the world's population, coupled with industrialization and urbanization, has exacerbated energy demand issues, affecting countries worldwide, especially the EU. As a result of these developments, countries have been prompted to take new energy measures and formulate policies to address the energy crisis. This study examines historical perspectives and conducts a comparative analysis of energy crises from the past to the present, focusing on the current energy crisis and the measures taken by various countries, including the EU member states. The study aims to explore how crises shape energy policies, how countries evaluate “opportunity windows” for new/alternative energy sources and technologies in response to crises, and how they present potential alternative energy sources for the future through the discussion of adopted energy policies.