What is End-of-Life Products

Reverse logistics systems engage in end-of-life product and materials management through facilitating movements from the point of consumption to the point of origin for the purpose of recapturing value through recycling, re-manufacturing, repairs/refurbishments, re-processing, re-distribution, and re-sale. However, most of the reverse logistic systems are designed in haste to comply with government legislations, to promote economic benefits, to fulfill customer requirements/expectations, and to enhance social/environmental performance. Thus, the systems often fail in execution as they are designed without an in-depth consideration for holistic planning involving strategic, tactical, and operational decisions. Hence, an in-depth study is needed to understand the directives/initiatives at various levels, i.e., strategic, tactical, and operational planning levels for efficient and effective RL systems design through multiple case studies for efficient recovery of e-waste within the electric and electronics equipment manufacturing sector.