What is Cyber Deception

The first quarter of the 21st century has barely passed, but a barrage of ‘disrupting' surprises emerged – from the proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICT) to the weaponisation of ICT itself. Hence, cyberfakes or cyber deceptions (e.g., deepfakes, fake news, and even hate speech) have the potential to cause monumental problems related to cybersecurity and other online information management for organisations, nations, and individuals. Because literature and theories related the novel cyber deceptions may be scanty, this chapter attempted to close this research and theoretical gaps by deriving concepts leading to the development of a ‘modelled framework' for the study of deepfakes and other related cyber deceptions and violence in social, organisational, or national contexts. Performing brainstorming reviews of extant literature, several theoretical concepts were derived leading to the development of the unified model of digital deception and online hate pronouncement. Policy recommendations were offered at the end.