Abstract
Underwater acoustic communication uses sound waves to trans-receive information, diving deep inside water, environment scanning, undersea explorations, disaster prevention, etc. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to cover stationary and mobile localization algorithm. They are further subdivided into distributed and centralized. Each one is further subcategorized into estimation-based and prediction-based schemes. The category therefore extends on the basis of ranging method, communication, and synchronization, some of which are area localization, sensor-based localization, forming a sensor array, motion-aware self-localization, silent localization. Each one will be discussed in detail in this chapter. At last, hybrid technique is also discussed, which combines stationary and mobile techniques. The discussion includes various nodes including anchor node, unknown node, sink node, and reference node. Various methods to follow the techniques are also discussed, which include anchor-based method, ranging method, and message communication.
TopIssues Of Wireless Sensor Networks
- 1.
Hardware and operating system environment, requiring large power consumption.
- 2.
Medium access methods control the node radio functionality.
- 3.
Proper synchronization of clock issues, in case of non stationary nodes.
- 4.
Deployment problems, with varying terrain.
Since the sensors are very small in size, we do need them in large number,in order to increase the processing capabilities.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Dive and Rise: Continuous repetition of steep descent and moving to the surface.
Unknown Node: Node whose location is to be predicted.
AUV: Unmanned, autonomous underwater vehicle.
APS: Access points.
Projection: Display of location.
CLS: Collaborative localization scheme, which determines the position, without the need of transponders.
Sink Node: They are the nodes, where the information so collected, of a particular node is sent.
Anchor Node: Nodes with predetermined location.
Target: On which the projection is made.
Reference Node: Used to find the position of unknown node.