Therapeutic Strategies for Treatment of COVID-19

Therapeutic Strategies for Treatment of COVID-19

Lahcen Tamegart, Mjid Oukhrib, Hafida El Ghachi, Abdelali Ben Maloui, Abdelaati El Khiat, Halima Gamrani
Copyright: © 2022 |Pages: 18
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8202-2.ch004
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Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a dangerous virus named SARS-CoV-2. The most important symptoms are fever, cough, fatigue, and breathing problems. In the most serious forms of the disease, the appearance of an acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by the virus can be deadly, especially when people are fragile due to their age or in case of comorbidities. The exacerbated innate immune response could be another deadly complication. Different strategies of treatments are proposed for COVID-19 such as inhibition of virus entry by blocking ACE2 receptor used by COVID-19, inhibition of virus replication by using replication inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents to stimulate a strong immune response against COVID-19, and by using vaccines as an effective method for a long-term strategy for prevention of COVID-19.
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Covid-19 Treatments

Inhibition of the SARS-Cov-2 Entry

Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine

Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have shown an inhibitory activity on the replication of many viruses (Principi & Esposito, 2020). Although the mechanism of these antiviral properties are not understood. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine accumulate in lysosomes, alter their pH, and interfere with certain enzymes. They have ability to inhibit the pH-dependent entry of certain viruses into host cells, or even to block the replication of enveloped viruses by inhibiting the glycosylation of envelope proteins (Devaux et al., 2020). No scientific consensus demonstrated the efficacy of the tow molecules for the treatment of COVID-19. Studies showed the ability of the tow treatments to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and inhibition of SARS-Cov-2 entry (Fig 1) (M. Wang et al., 2020; Yao et al., 2020).

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