The Subterranean English Training Market: Examining Grassroots Resistance Amidst China's Double-Reduction Policies

Abstract

This chapter explores the perceptions of parents and students toward China's double-reduction policies and examines the factors that drive resistance to these policies through shadow English training (SET). While the double-reduction policies are designed to alleviate students' academic burden and promote a balanced educational approach, this qualitative investigation reveals a complex interplay between policy objectives and grassroots resistance. The study identifies key concerns among parents and students, including the perceived dilution of education quality at school, limited SET opportunities for academic development, and exacerbated educational inequity. Despite recognising the disadvantages of SET, such as increased financial burden and social isolation, stakeholders highlight its irreplaceable role in providing targeted after-class instruction and enhancing academic performance in China's competitive educational system.