The Growth and Development of Data Security Using Cryptography Algorithms and Machine Learning Algorithms

Cryptographic Algorithms in Various Times

Ancient times: The Greeks and Romans used simple substitution ciphers. For example, the Caesar cipher replaced each letter in a message by a letter a fixed number of positions down the alphabet.

Middle Ages: More complex ciphers, such as the Vigenère cipher, were developed during the Middle Ages. These ciphers involved several Caesar ciphers in sequence with different shift values. World War II. Cryptography played a critical role in World War II, with the Enigma machine used by Germany being one of the most famous examples.

Figure 1.

Model of cryptography

The device used mechanical rotors to achieve a complex form of substitution cipher. Breaking the Enigma code by the Allies is considered a significant event in the history of cryptography.

Modern cryptography: The advent of computers led to the development of much more complex cryptographic algorithms (Meraouche et al., 2021). In the 1970s, symmetric key cryptography was revolutionized after IBM introduced the Data Encryption Standard (DES). The invention of asymmetric key cryptography followed, and the RSA algorithm became a standard.

Cryptographic Algorithm Types

Figure 2.

Types of cryptography algorithms

Symmetric Key

Symmetric key algorithms use the same key for converting plaintext data into ciphertext (encryption) and the other way around (decryption). Examples include AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and DES (Data Encryption Standard) (Abd Zaid & Hassan, 2021). Symmetric key algorithms are relatively fast and useful for bulk data encryption.