Nowadays, in the SCS scenario, conventional security measures such as cryptographic techniques are inadequate to ensure data integrity in a large arena of developing technology. This constraint significantly hinders the broad use of intelligent technologies in SC operations. This chapter directed to those interested in the field of cybersecurity, especially those interested in SCS. It may also be of interest to technology developers to work on developing technological solutions for SCS.
1.1 Background
SCS refers to the procedures and practices used to secure the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of resources, information, and items across the SC (Shamsi et al., 2019). It protects against threats such as counterfeiting, tampering, theft, and unauthorized access as goods and services pass through the SC, including design and delivery. Security measures for the SC began in 2004. Where it begins is with the 9/11 strikes on the United States. The last updates occurred in 2018. Figure 1 depicts the development of SCS throughout time.
SCS is important for many reasons: Protecting intellectual property requires preserving designs, sensitive data, and trade secrets against theft and unauthorized access. Also, ensuring product integrity entails preventing imitations, tampering, and unauthorized adjustments to assure product quality and safety. Furthermore, maintaining customer confidence involves ongoing dedication to security and reliability (Shamsi et al., 2019). SCS plays an essential role since it involves recognizing risks that may jeopardize the efficacy of the SC network. Trafficking, tampering, and theft are security threats that may result in financial losses, reputational damage, and a lack of demand. Implementing security systems, including ISO standards, reduces security risks, ensures commodity flow, and protects sensitive data across the SC (Kusrini et al., 2021). SCS is a comprehensive strategy that includes organizations, technology, people, and processes for safeguarding networks, systems, devices, services, funds, and resources from attacks and illegal access. It seeks to protect the SC network against vulnerabilities that agents or attackers may exploit directly or indirectly. Security measures include the use of security technology, adherence to established standards, and the engagement of persons responsible for network, system, and resource security (Ismail & Reza, 2022). The SC can be disrupted, businesses and societies may suffer financially, and citizens' health and safety may occasionally be harmed by security incidents brought on by internal and external threats from criminal and terrorist actors. Mostly, preventive actions aim to remove vulnerabilities, which reduces the likelihood that security events will occur. Possible occurrences may be watched for and identified by detective security techniques. Minimizing harm and recovering from it need corrective security measures. Preventive, investigative, and corrective risk mitigation strategies are needed for and/or to generate security information components. An overarching structure for security management and crime prevention in the SC is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Overall General SCS Architecture