Conventional generation is the most reliable option to meet the increased energy consumption in terms of operating performance. However, the increased greenhouse gas emission is a major threat from the conventional generating units due to fuel pollution. Although to meet the increased energy consumption, reliably conventional generating units are inevitable. So the government has taken the initiative to shut down the conventional generating units with higher pollution levels than the defined norms. This imposes the overall load burden to the other state generating units. As Delhi is sufficiently rich with solar radiation, the chapter proposes the solar PV installation to meet the generation gap of shutdown units.
Top1. Introduction
With the advancement of technology, the electricity sector has incorporated many renewable energy-based installations to reduce the share of the conventional sources, as the conventional sources are a cause of carbon emission and air pollution. As the electricity sector plays an essential role in greenhouse gas emission, in the light of U.K. governmental targets of securing 10% of electricity generation from renewable resources by 2010 and 20% by 2020 with widespread public support for renewable energy, distributed generators (DGs) are seen to be rapidly increasing in electrical power systems (Brinkman G. et al., 2016, Marcus W. et al., 2015, Miller N. et al., 2015). With the continuous integration of distributed generation systems as the most distributed generation is based on renewable energy sources, it makes the power output of the DG highly uncertain (Ackerman T. et al., 2000). As the availability of renewable energy varies widely with environmental factors, which are difficult to predict. Therefore, the increased renewable penetration becomes challenging to the system reliability. The capacity contribution of renewable generation is not precise (Hoff T. et al., 2008, Madaeni. et al., 2012). It needs to be calculated to achieve a sufficient generation adequacy assessment (whether the installed capacity is sufficient to meet the load) for the renewable generation. To do such a capacity value needs to be calculated, defined as the amount of additional load that can be served with the new generation. The sufficient load-carrying capacity (ELCC) is used as the paper's capacity credit (CC). This capacity is essentially interpreted as the capacity credit (CC). Many predefined indices exist in the literature for capacity credit calculations. Methodology investigated for capacity credit calculation [7] Chronological methods are suited for system operation, and the probabilistic method is helpful in system planning (Castro & Ferreira, 2001). A detailed literature review is reported with the different approach used for the capacity credit broadly classified as reliability-based methods, based on the reliability indices such as loss of load probability (LOLP), loss of load expectation (LOLE) and expected energy does not serve (EENS) (sandhya & E. Fernandez, 2019, Haslett & M.Diesendorf, 1981, Chowdhury A. et al., 2003) and approximation methods like- Garver’s approximation (GARVER L., 1986), ELCC approximation for multistate generator and Z method (Dragoon &. Dvortsov, 2006). It has been found out that the ELCC method is accurate and generally regarded as the benchmark for other capacity credit estimation methods (Pelland and Abboud, 2014). Many factors influence the capacity credit of PV systems. Some of them can be broadly classified as -PV penetration (Mills A. et al., 2011, Ding M et al., 2015), the variability of PV load profile time interval and the correlation between PV production and load demand (Richardson &. Harvey, 2015). However, renewables' time interval factor can be solved with the storage batteries (Ungjin Oh et al., 2016, Ungjin Oh et al., 2015, Hu P., 2009, Hu P. et al., 2009) and with an active load interaction between user and utility also known as the demand response (Zhou Y.,2016, Aghaei & Alizadeh,2013, Zheng X. et al.,2015). The reliability indices that define the level of CC need to be chosen carefully for effective system design, as the system reliability can differ with the reliability indices chosen it could be a probability of the period during which supply is not sufficient for the load in hours/year or it could be the measure of not supplied energy in MW/year during the same period. As the reliability include a wide range of definitions, to make it more concise, the reliability assessment for the proposed work includes the system adequacy which relates to the existence of sufficient facilities within the system to satisfy the consumer demand and therefore associated with the static conditions which do not include system dynamic and transient disturbances. Different zones are created for the system to study its main functional zones (Billinton & Allan, 1994). These are- generation systems, composite generation and transmission system and distribution system, as shown in figure 1. Each of these zones can be subdivided to study a subset of the problem.