Simulation of Routing Protocols for Jamming Attacks in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

1. Introduction

Ad hoc networks do not depend on a pre-existing infrastructure, hence nodes cannot freely join or leave the network. Through a wireless link, the nodes are interconnected. A node may function as a router to send the information to the nodes of the neighbors. Therefore, Infrastructure-less networking is another name for this type of system network. There is no centralized management for these networks. Ad-hoc networks are equipped to deal with any node malfunctions or alterations that they encounter due to changes in topology. Each time a network node creates the connection between other devices is down or departs, and nodes are damaged. The networks impacted nodes merely new linkages and requests for new routes are created Ad-Hoc networks can be divided into static and Mobile Ad-Hoc networks MANET is the focus of current research.

A routing protocol chooses the best paths for network data transfer and communication between network nodes using software and routing algorithms. Individual nodes in the network forward packets to and from one another rather than relying on an access point that serves as a base station to manage the flow of communications to each other. Because MANETs (Mishra, 2019) include movable nodes, they connect to different networks via wireless technologies. A technique that helps nodes choose the best path for sending packets between computing devices in a MANET is known as an ad hoc routing protocol. Ad hoc networks don't have fixed topologies. Rather, a new node announces its presence and listens for announcements sent by its neighbors; they have to find it instead. When a node finds out that other nodes are close by, it can learn how to reach them and then declare that it can reach them too. Despite the prominence that MANET research received, efforts are still being made to secure the MANET and defend it from outside threats. The modeling of mobile ad hoc networks under jamming attacks using an integrated method will be introduced in this article. Ad-hoc routing protocols can be broadly categorized into three main types: proactive (table-driven), reactive (on-demand), and hybrid protocols (Manaseer, 2023).