Approaches to the systemic optimization of technological and design solutions for the creation and operation of drainage systems have been determined. It seems that the drainage system is a complex natural and technical ecological and economic system. Finding the general optimum in such a system based on the system optimization consists in substantiating local optima for all its main components of heterogeneous elements in the system effect - mode - technology - design in their interconnection. The practical implementation of a complex of predictive-simulation and optimization calculations in projects for new construction, reconstruction and modernization of drainage systems based on the developed scientific, methodological, information and software can be carried out using the appropriate toolkit, which is CAD and modern BIM technologies.
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In modern conditions, a significant amount of agricultural products in order to improve food security is grown on lands with a regulated water regime using various types and designs of reclamation systems (RS). The aggravation of the greatest challenges of our time concerning the energy, food and water crises under the influence of changes in climatic and anthropogenic factors both at the planetary and regional levels necessitates further improvement of scientific and methodological approaches to the creation and operation of water management and reclamation facilities that are adapted to these changes, including for drainage systems (DS) in the drainage reclamation zone based on an assessment of their overall efficiency in compliance with modern economic and environmental requirements (Várallyay, 2010, Kovalenko et al., 2019).
The beginning of large drainage activities in the western part of the former tsarist Russia on an area of more than 8 million hectares was organized by the Western Expedition to drain swamps under the leadership of the general J. I. Zhilinskiy in 1873. These works in the Polesie zone were the first large state program for land drainage with open canals and closed drainage, the parameters of which were taken mainly constructively. At the same time, locks, dams, and cofferdam were installed on many canals to control (regulate) the water regime.
In the future, larger-scale work on the expansion and drainage of agricultural land in the zone of the Ukrainian Polesie (1.5 million hectares of drained land, including more than 700 thousand hectares with moisture), as well as in the Polesie territories now adjacent to Poland, Belarus and Russia, took place during the Soviet period of development of this region, starting from the second half of the 60s of the last century. Traditionally, these issues were resolved on the basis of the use of hydrodynamic methods for calculating the movement of groundwater to dehumidifiers (water receivers) and hydraulic calculations of the parameters of drainage lines, canals, rivers, etc., which were used to determine the position of the groundwater level during periods critical for waterlogging conditions.
In the current practice, this problem was solved by performing predictive engineering and reclamation calculations to substantiate the type and design of DS, including in the conditions of Ukraine, first according to the water balance model (Yangol et al., 1970), and later - according to its improved interpretations.In the current practice, this problem was solved by performing predictive engineering and reclamation calculations to substantiate the type and design of DS, including in the conditions of Ukraine, first according to the water balance model (A.M. Yangol, 1970), and later - according to its improved interpretations. However, their implementation made it possible to obtain a virtually uncontested result regarding the assessment of the effectiveness of the application of possible technologies for water regulation of drained lands in specific natural-agro-reclamation conditions of a real object. In addition, the parameters of the constituent technical elements and the system as a whole were determined on the basis of the standardization of the level of estimated security, which reduced the objectivity of the validity and the overall effectiveness of these decisions.
Thus, according to a generalized assessment (Shumakov et al., 1996), it was determined that the development of reclamation in the world in general and in the drainage zone of the Polesie region in particular is characterized by all general objectively determined, both positive and negative trends. First of all, this concerns the fact that the large-scale development of land reclamation is associated with significant capital investments, very tangible for the economy of any country, but the resulting effect is, at best, 60 ... 70% of the planning one. The failure to achieve the planning efficiency of land reclamation was explained by the lack of our knowledge about the results of the interaction of human land reclamation with natural processes and their consideration in the design of the RS.