Role of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging

Role of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging

Avinash Kumar Sharma, Pranav Kumar Tripathi, Sushant Sharma
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-6957-6.ch002
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Abstract

A trendy technique based on computer science called artificial intelligence (AI) creates software and algorithms to make machines smart and effective at carrying out activities that often call for expert human intellect. Machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), traditional neural networks, fuzzy logic, and speech recognition are only a few of the subsets of AI that have distinctive skills and functions that might enhance the performance of contemporary medical sciences. Biomedical imaging might undergo a revolution thanks to AI, which could increase the efficiency and precision of picture processing and interpretation. Radiologists could miss tiny abnormalities that can be detected by AI systems that have been taught to spot patterns in those pictures that are challenging for humans to interpret. AI may also be used to generate customized medicine by evaluating a patient's medical pictures and other data to customize treatment regimens, as well as to enhance image processing and visualization.
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Biomedical Imaging

In order to diagnose and treat medical diseases, clinicians use biomedical imaging, a vital technology that enables them to see the inside structures and activities of the body. Biomedical imaging has several different modalities, each with unique properties and uses. A common technique that uses radiation to produce pictures of bones and tissues is the X-ray. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilizes a magnetic field and radio waves to provide precise pictures of the body's soft tissues, computed tomography (CT) employs x-rays to produce detailed images of the interior organs of the body. Both positron emission tomography (PET) and ultrasound employ sound waves and radiation to produce pictures of the body's organs and tissues, respectively.

Recent developments in biomedical imaging have sparked the creation of fresh methods and tools that are enhancing treatment planning and diagnostic precision. Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used, for instance, to evaluate and decipher biological pictures, assisting in the identification of minor anomalies and minimizing the requirement for invasive treatments. The use of various modalities to produce a more complete image of the body's structures and functioning is known as multi-modality imaging, and it is also growing in popularity. A growing trend is image-guided intervention, which makes use of imaging to direct treatments like biopsies and surgery.

The diagnosis and treatment of several medical disorders depend heavily on biomedical imaging. Imaging is used, for instance, to diagnose and stage cancer as well as track the effectiveness of treatment. Imaging is utilized in cardiovascular disease to identify and treat disorders including coronary artery disease and heart failure. Imaging is utilized in neurology to identify and treat disorders including stroke and brain tumors.

Biomedical imaging, in general, is a crucial part of contemporary medicine since it gives medical professionals a non-invasive means to see the body's structures and functioning in order to diagnose and treat a variety of medical diseases. The application of biomedical imaging in medicine is projected to grow even more as the discipline develops new technologies.

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