Despite so much technological advancement in the modern world, women and children's safety has always been a concern. It is the matter of fact that women these days are more empowered than early age, and they are moving from one location to another for better financial inclusion. There are countless jobs and places where women work and travel every single day. It is not safe for them to travel alone on lonely roads and in lonely areas. Sadly, the number of offenses against women has increased dramatically over the last few decades. A system must be established that makes her feel safe under any circumstance. Fortuitously, we are in the era of artificial intelligence (AI) and internet of things (IoT), and these two together can work superbly to tackle the situation. AI and IoT-based systems provide better assessments of the situation, which allows women to handle the tense environment better than ever before. The purpose of this study is to present a systematic literature review of research studies that demonstrate the use of AI and internet of things devices for the safety of women.
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A critical concern in our society is the safety of women. The safety of women has been a major concern of every society where several women face various safety issues such as molestation, harassment, and domestic violence due to different cultural or social factors (Farooq et al., 2023). Even in the twenty-first century, with technology advancing quickly and new devices being created, women and girls continue to face difficulties. Women are skilled at uniting disparate groups behind a common cause. Recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have emerged as effective tools to address pressing social issues, including women's safety. Preventive, intervention, and response approaches that are innovative and efficient are needed to address the persistent challenges related to women's safety. With the convergence of AI and IoT, comprehensive and proactive solutions have been made possible that not only benefit women in terms of safety, but also empower and support them in real time. The need of some system was required after the two incidents who took place has shocked entire India and world. One case from Hyderabad and another one from Delhi Nirbhaya case that triggered the whole nation.
The modern woman works in many different job roles, and she often works across ethnic, corporate, and political boundaries to promote peace (Nasare et al, 2020). A security model is being developed with some strategic ingenuity, as society has come to recognize women's responsibility over time (Naved et al., 2022). In order to protect women from potential safety threats, the community has introduced many AI and IoT-based devices. Many walks of life have been helped by technology in overcoming prevailing issues and difficulties; in the same vein, the use of technology needs to be explored to find out how it can assist in the prevention of women's violence cases and help women cope with potential situations of danger and security threat (Naved et al., 2022). According to the data by National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), Total all India cases in 2019 were 405326, in 2020 number of cases 371503 and in 2021 the cases were 428278 charge sheeting rates (2021) 77.1.
In the existing women safety handheld devices, women have to engage in actions after sensing danger, such as pressing a button or shaking the device (Akram et al., 2020). Despite that, if a woman is in danger and doesn't manage to activate it, due to some reason, its purpose isn't fulfilled (Akram et al., 2020). Several surveillance devices, such as smartphone applications, vibrating jackets, GPS and GSM-based localization control, enter the SOS phase (Naved et al., 2022). The smart phone devices are equipped with many apps like Battle Back App for emergency situations. The effectiveness of self-defense skills and tools varies from situation to situation. Statistics indicate that two women are raped every hour in India (Agarwal et al., 2022).
The synergy of AI and IoT devices in the context of women's safety offers a multifaceted framework that encompasses smart surveillance, intelligent monitoring, and rapid response mechanisms. This integration can help to create an environment where women can navigate through their daily lives with a heightened sense of security. By leveraging the capabilities of AI algorithms and interconnected IoT devices, the system can analyze and respond to potential threats in real-time, significantly augmenting traditional safety measures. Smart Surveillance Systems, IoT Wearables, Connected Infrastructure, AI-driven Threat Analysis, and Emergency Response Systems can be used to ensures swift action in critical situations. Using AI and IoT-enabled warning systems and women's self-defense mechanisms would definitely reduce abuse intensity (Ali et al., 2023). Table 1 explains about the crime against women in Indian states and Union Territories for the year of 2019-21.
Table 1. Crime against women (2019-21)