Recent Approaches for Mitigating Climate Change in Agriculture

Aquaponics and Hydroponics

Hydroponics, the practice of growing plants in water that has a high concentration of nutrients, has been in existence for more than a hundred years (Sharma , et al., 2018). The system employs several closed-loop mechanisms in which the roots of plants are suspended in a fluid that contains vital minerals and dissolved oxygen. By circumventing the constraints of soil absorption, this method of directly delivering nutrients results in accelerated growth rates and increased yields in comparison to conventional agriculture.

Aquaponics enhances hydroponics by integrating it with aquaculture, which involves the cultivation of aquatic creatures such as fish (Rakocy, 2012). The nutrient-rich effluent from the fish tank serves as a fertilizer for the plants cultivated in the hydroponic system in this symbiotic arrangement. Beneficial microorganisms transform ammonia derived from fish waste into nitrates that can be readily absorbed by plants, creating a self-sustaining environment that saves water and reduces waste. Aquaponic systems have the capacity to use up to 90% less water compared to conventional agriculture, making them very suitable for dry regions or countries experiencing water constraint (Obirikorang , et al., 2021).

Aquaponics and hydroponics are modern agricultural methodologies that provide a departure from conventional soil-based farming methods. Aquaponics is a self-contained system that combines aquaculture with hydroponics, creating a mutually beneficial connection between aquatic creatures and plants. This system utilizes fish excrement as a source of nutrients for plant development, while the plants in turn cleanse the water for aquatic life.

Historical Background and Evolution

Aquaponics and hydroponics are agricultural technologies that have transitioned from old approaches to modern solutions. The origins of these technologies may be traced back to the Aztec Chinampas circa 1000 AD, when fish played a vital role as fertilizers, producing a mutually beneficial system akin to contemporary aquaponics (Henkel, 2015). The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, built around 600 BC, serve as early illustrations of hydroponics, demonstrating the practice of growing plants using water supplied via complex networks. The Floating Rice Gardens in Southeast Asia showcased a sophisticated comprehension of nutrient fluxes in aquatic ecosystems by combining the development of rice paddies with fish. The use of “water of dung” for plant nourishment, arising from modernization and technological progress, anticipated the principles of wastewater usage in present-day aquaponics.

In the 1970s, the New Alchemy Institute was founded with a specific emphasis on combining aquaculture with hydroponics. This laid the groundwork for the development of contemporary aquaponic systems. The efficiency and potential of aquaponics and hydroponics have been further boosted by technological developments in automation, sensor technology, and vertical farming. The historical evolution of various agricultural technologies demonstrates humanity's ongoing quest for sustainable and efficient practices. The development of aquaponics and hydroponics, from historical experimentation to contemporary scientific methods, demonstrates our continuous commitment to enhancing food production while reducing environmental harm. Analyzing this historical backdrop offers a more profound comprehension of humanity's persistent endeavor to develop a more sustainable and productive relationship with the earth.