Realizing the Benefits of Energy Harvesting for IoT

Realizing the Benefits of Energy Harvesting for IoT

Shakeel Ahmed
Copyright: © 2021 |Pages: 12
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-6709-8.ch006
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Abstract

Different types of energy which generally fulfill the requirements of computing are mostly from thermal, mechanical, solar, wind, acoustic, and wave. Typically, IoT devices are powered by batteries that have limited lifetime, and thus these IoT devices need to be self-powered or require supportive energy sources that uninterruptedly power IoT devices. Energy harvesting is one of the techniques that can be applied to power these devices, which is a procedure of apprehending energy from lone or more energy from renewable sources in the proximate atmosphere known as environmental energy which can be renovated into usable electrical energy. Numerous researches are being carried out to harvest energy. This chapter is the extended version of the previous work carried out and analyses the present works on the application of IoT in energy harvesting systems and extant different research works carried out by the investigators to classify them.
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2. Energy Harvesting Architectures

There are two classifications of energy harvesting and they differ from each other in their architectures: (Sudevalayam & Kulkarni, 2011) (a) Harvest-Use: Which is defined as the Energy harvested just-in-time and are directly used (b) Harvest-Store-Use: The Energy which is harvested every time possible and which is stowed for later usage.

Figure 1.

Energy harvesting architectures (Sudevalayam & Kulkarni, 2011)

978-1-7998-6709-8.ch006.f01

2.1. Harvest-Use Architecture

The harvesting system right away powers the sensor node and the sensor node is operational; the power output produced from the harvesting systems need to be uninterruptedly beyond the least operating point. If passable energy is not obtainable, the node gets deactivated Figure 1(a) below depicts the Harvest-Use architecture. Unexpected variations in harvesting capacity near to the least power point caused the sensor nodes to fluctuate in ON/OFF conditions. This kind of system uses mechanical energy bases like pedaling, walking and pushing keys/buttons, etc. For instance, impulse of a keys/buttons deforms piezoelectric material, thus producing electrical energy to direct short wireless messages. Likewise, while walking and running the piezoelectric materials tactically placed in the shoes may deform to different extents which transmits or communicate using RFID signals and to keep track of the shoe-wearer.

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