Policy Perspective for Developing Electric Vehicle Ecosystem

Literature Review

Electric vehicles (EVs), unlike traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, use electricity to power their motion. They can be all-electric vehicles, meaning they run fully on electrical power, or can be hybrid electric vehicles, where they use both electrical power and the conventional ICE for motion. All-electric vehicles include battery electric vehicles (BEVs), which use batteries as electrical energy storage, and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), which use tanks for the storage of hydrogen gas and fuel cells for the conversion of hydrogen gas to electrical energy. These fully run on electricity and produce no tailpipe emissions but only water vapour and warm air. On the other hand, vehicles that use both electricity and internal combustion engines include hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). In the HEVs, the batteries are only recharged by the internal combustion engine (The ICE runs a generator which supplies power to the batteries) and by regenerative braking, whereas in PHEVs, the batteries are charged by the internal combustion engine, regenerative braking and by plugging the vehicle into an electrical outlet or a charging station.