Internet of Things (IoT) network is growing at a tremendous speed and is expected to occupy every field in the near future. Swarm Intelligence (SI) algorithms came into existence from the inspiration of nature, especially biological systems. SI algorithms gained importance among researchers due to their properties of decentralized control, self-organised structure, scalable framework, flexible nature, and getting solution for complex problems. This chapter examines some basic SI algorithms and explores the functioning of IoT network. It aims to bestow the exploitation of swarm intelligence for the betterment of IoT.
TopIot Overview
The era of IoT starts with Kevin Ashton in 1999. The phrase “Internet of Things” was coined at the presentation Kevin Ashton made at Procter & Gamble (P&G) in 1999 (Ashton, 2009).The IoT domain covers a variety of applications and attracts a lot of people, business investors and researchers. The implementation of IoT includes devices like Radio Frequency Identification Tags (RFID), Actuators and varieties of sensors such as medical sensor, temperature sensor, chemical sensor, neural sensor, mobile phone sensor, Proximity sensor, and water quality sensor.
Some of the IoT hardware platforms for development of innovative IoT projects are Esp8266, Wi-Fi module, Arduino, Raspberry pi, Cloudbit/Little bits, Particle Photon, Beaglebone black, Pinoccio, Udoo Quad, Samsung’s Artik. Some of the software platforms for IoT projects are Temboo, Kaa, Carriots, Ubidots, ThingSpeak, Artik, Cloud Pinoccio, Smartliving, and Samsung Artik. The programming languages that can be used in IoT are C/C++, JAVA, HTML5, JavaScript, Python (Singh & Kapoor, n.d.).
IoT Architectures
With regards the architecture of IoT, many works have been proposed and till now there is no standardised architecture available and it is still under development. Several Common architectures found from literature- three layered, middle-ware based, Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based and Five-layered architecture. Fig. 3 depicts the proposed layers of IoT in brief.