Oligopolistic Markets Employing an Intelligent Physarum Solution for Supply Chain Networks

I. Introduction

Physarumpolycephalum, a remarkable single-celled organism known as a slime mold, has attracted significant attention from researchers due to its remarkable problem-solving capabilities. When faced with complex challenges, such as determining the shortest path through a maze or establishing efficient connections between points, it demonstrates adaptability by adjusting its structure and network. This intriguing behavior has inspired the development of intelligent algorithms that emulate the organism's decision-making processes. Supply chain networks (Malhotra, P. et al.,2021), on the other hand, are intricate systems that encompass suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers. These networks are characterized by their complexity, influenced by factors like demand fluctuations, unpredictable lead times, transportation costs, and the intricacies of inventory management (Kafiabad, Zanjani, and Nourelfath et al. 2022). The primary goal of supply chain optimization is to streamline these complex operations while maximizing profitability. Achieving this requires precise decision-making and adaptability in an ever-changing environment. The application of intelligent Physarum solvers to address various challenges in supply chain optimization (Pandey, D., & Pandey, B. K., 2022) holds great promise. These algorithms excel at identifying the most efficient transportation routes (Sahani, K. et al.,2023), ultimately reducing costs and minimizing delivery delays, especially within complex distribution networks. They also play a crucial role in optimizing inventory levels, making the supply chain more agile and cost-effective. Precise demand forecasting is essential for successful supply chain management, and Physarum-inspired algorithms enhance the accuracy of demand forecasts, enabling companies to respond effectively to market dynamics. Furthermore, these algorithms can evaluate potential risks, optimize contingency plans, and provide real-time recommendations to mitigate disruptions, enhancing risk management and safeguarding supply chain operations from financial losses.