Nanotechnology has the potential to generate innovation in formulations and delivery systems. Due to its rapid technological development, it has widely been exploited for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Cosmetic formulations incorporating nanotechnology seems to be a most promising research area. The role of nanoparticles in cosmetic applications has shown promising signs to overcome the problems associated with conventional cosmetics. Insertion of nanomaterials helps to improve product efficacy and consumer satisfaction which leads to the replacement of many traditional cosmeceuticals with Nanocosmeceuticals. Nanotoxicological studies on Nanocosmeceuticals have elevated concerns in terms of health hazards due to their potential skin penetration resulting in toxic effects. This chapter discusses various nanotechnology approaches employed in the delivery of cosmetics as well as cosmeceutical products. Further, it depicts the benefits, potential health, future direction, safety, and an overview of Nanocosmetics and Nanocosmeceuticals applications in cosmetic industries.
Top1. Introduction
Nanotechnology plays a broad application in many fields such as Agricultural Field, Food Technology, Healthcare, Textiles and Fashion Technology etc., It comprises the design, characterization, manufacturing and application of materials, devices and systems at the nanoscale level (1–100 nm). Nanotechnology is recognized as one of the revolutionizing technologies in the Cosmetics and Cosmeceutical industries because of its enhanced properties which includes color, transparency, solubility, chemical reactivity, attracting the personal care and cosmetics sectors to nanomaterials. With increasing customers demand led to the development of formulations in cosmetics with better performance, retentions, attractive appearance and more importantly safety .At present, nanomaterials occupies the center of attention in this area and offer better merits over conventional cosmetic products. Further, the amalgamation of nanomaterials has significantly contributed to the global growth in the market share of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Basically the concept of nanomaterials like gold and silver are used in cosmetics for many years, but the applications are intensified in recent years (Wux et al.,2009 & Kaul et al.,2018)
Cosmetics preparations are used externally and formulated from its own or mixture of substances obtained from either natural or artificial sources.US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) report says, cosmetics formulation intended to be applied to any human body for cleansing, beautifying and prettiness. The soap is plainly barred from this class that encompasses any material proposed as a component of a cosmetic item.As per the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic the word as “Cosmeceutical” is merely for industrial purposes for referring therapeutic action of cosmetic products. In other way cosmetics as “any substance intended to be applied in the various outer parts of the human body such as, hair, nails, lips and external genital organs etc.,. It exclusively used for the purpose of cleaning, perfuming, appearance and correcting body odours, protecting them with good condition (Tripathy et al.,2015).
Currently, Cosmeceuticals considered as one of the rapidly growing sector in nanocosmeceutical research, exploration and application of the personal care industry and the market for individual consideration is massively expanding. Cosmeceuticals demonstrate therapeutically active ingredients that explicitly possess remedial effects on surface applications. These cosmetic products are utilized for the treatment of diverse conditions like, scratched hair, wrinkles, aging, dryness, acne, hyper pigmentation, etc. which has quantifiable restorative effects on the skin and hair. It act as a connection between drugs and beauty care products, assure an progress in appearance (Fatima et al., 2021).
The progression of nanotechnology in research and development is increasing through delivery of innovative solutions. In order to defeat firm problems related with conventional products, applications of nanotechnology is growing towards cosmeceutical segments of the personal care industry over the years. Cosmetics are enormous in the 21th century due to the developments, incorporation of the new technologies and cosmetic formulations (Sharma, 2012 & Dureja et al.,2005). Cosmeceuticals are the cosmetic products which includes biologically dynamic ingredients Cosmeceuticals are active between personal care products and pharmaceuticals products. The therapeutic efficacy on the skin, drugs and diversified formulations are used ensured for the treatment of various conditions like, hair damage, skin, face wrinkles, aging, dark spots, uneven complexion and hyper pigmentation, etc (Srinivas, 2016).Cosmeceuticals has high efficiency with superior sensorial properties and stable than the conventional cosmetics. Majority of the nanoparticles are fit for both lipophilic and hydrophilic drug delivery system. Nanomaterials are functional in the preparation of creams like, antiwrinkle moisturizing, skin whitening, hair repairing shampoos, conditioners and hair serums (Mu et al., 2010 & Nohynek et al.,2007).