Nanopriming Revolutionizing Agribiotechnology for Sustainable Food Security

Introduction

Agriculture is the crucial support of the developing economy and provides food for a better life. The Global population is projected to be 9 billion by 2050. It requires a 60% increase in food to meet demand (Alexandratos and Bruinsma, 2012; Godfray et al., 2010). Food and agriculture's biodiversity comprises livestock, crops, forestry, and aquaculture systems that sustain human beings (https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2019). The need for increased crop production and better food security is now a critical area of research for agricultural science. The advancements in science and technology provide new ideas and solutions to combat severe problems in the farming sector. In emerging nanotechnology, efficient nanoformulations are continuously produced for sustainable agriculture (Fraceto et al., 2016; Mittal et al., 2020). Plant health management and soil improvement would be possible using a variety of nanoparticle-based formulations, including nano-sized pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and fertilizers. Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian national economy. It is the 'engine for growth in India. India has the second largest agricultural land in the world, with 157.35 million hectares after the USA. It has more agricultural land than China, producing 40 per cent more rice and wheat than India.

Regarding fruits and vegetables, India is the second largest producer in the World after China. India produces 106.19 million tons of rice yearly from 44 million hectares of land. It has been reported that around 60.3 per cent of India's land area is under use as agricultural land (FAO, 2013). India produces 93.51 million tons of wheat from 29.65 million hectares. Overall, India's yield rate is 3.15 tonnes per hectare. If we compare the yield rate, this rate is better than Brazil (2.73 tonnes per hectare) but lower than South Africa and China (3.40 & 4.9 t/ha), respectively.

In 1974 during World Food Conference, “food security” term came into actuality with a proper definition focused on supply. Food security is a condition to which we can relate the food supply and individuals' access. Food security is the availability of adequate world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to endure a steady expansion of food consumption and to counterbalance fluctuations in production and prices. Later, there was some modification in the explanation when in 1996 World Food Summit stated that food security only exists when all people constantly have physical and economic admittance to sufficient, safe. Nutritious food to complete their dietary needs and food preferences for a healthy life. WHO states that three pillars determine food security, availability, access, and use. First, there is a direct relationship between the food supply and its production, distribution, and exchange. Second, the determination of Food production is related to various factors, including land ownership, crop selection, breeding, livestock breeding, harvesting, and management. Third, food demand is influenced by several forces, like population growth, income levels, urbanization, lifestyles, and preferences. Achieve food security. There are various challenges and factors. These are the Global Water Crisis, land degradation, Climate change, Plant diseases, and other environmental factors. Many pests, conditions, and weeds attack crops.