As the rapid increase in technology has proved the advancement of mobile governance and giving easy access to students on their on-hand technologies, it improvises the quality of their education as well. Ten Asian countries—China, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Iran, Turkey, Vietnam, Philippines, and Japan—have been selected for the study. The data has been collected over a period of 27 years, which has been very much adequate to use the A.R.D. L technique. ADF unit root tests as well as cointegration tests are run to analyze the long-run relation. The quality has paved its path on the betterment of education. It implies there is a long-run relation of quality of education (QE), electronic governance (EG), mobile governance (MG), and distance education (DE) keeping the population growth (PG) and literacy rate (LR) in control for these countries as there has been modernization over these years.
Top1 Introduction
The traditional ways of education are not properly fulfilling the needs of large population in most of Asian countries, where resources are not that much sufficient. After primary education level, it becomes difficult for educational institutions to provide higher education to students through adopting conventional methods. For fulfilling the needs of large population, it is important to seek for alternative solutions in order to provide advance education to students. One key solution to the problems which are being faced in Asian educational institutions is lack of focus on using information technology (Baran, Canbazoglu Bilici, Albayrak Sari, & Tondeur, 2019). Education is considered as the most significant sectors that play an important role in development of a country. In order to ensure the provision of high-quality education, it is important for the government of a country to start focusing on ICT based education as well as management system in every single educational institution. The educational institutions have an opportunity of showing remarkable performance in case of processing as well as publishing results, teaching methods and updating curriculum in order to make skilled and talented manpower and to transform education sector in a more accountable and transparent one (Dave, 2019).
Figure 1.
Worldwide self-paced e-learning growth rates by region, 2015-2020
Information and communication technology systems are the most important source of bringing improvement in overall quality of education. The use of ICT in governance systems in education sector can prove to be highly effective for improving quality of education. Information and communication technology systems can be used for capturing, processing, storing, organizing and presenting data as well as information. ICT can be used for improving good governance and the key elements of ICT linked with governance systems are e-governance, m-governance and distance education. ICT is helpful in free flow of information between citizens and government and it also provides opportunities for participating in important decisions especially related to education (Dubey & Pandey, 2019).
In most of Asian countries, the education system is quite disordered due to lack of proper infrastructure, scattered policies by government, non-talented and uneducated staff and lack of required funds. This is due to the fact that current system lacks proper monitoring, evaluation and governance systems (El Nabahany & Juma, 2019). In order to overcome these issues, there is a need of implementing advanced technology within the governance system. Through modernizing the lifeline in the education sector, most of issues will be resolved. With the help of using advanced technology, the education system can be improved, as this will help in providing good governance, empowering stakeholders, reducing cost and time and improving administrative performance (Gil-Flores, Rodríguez-Santero, & Torres-Gordillo, 2017). Due to the increased importance of information and communication technology for improving governance system within the education sector of Asian countries, it is important to study the key aspects linked with ICT, which can help in enhancing quality of education (Khanra & Joseph, 2019). There have been some studies conducted for examining the importance of ICT for enhancing quality of education system, but there has been no study conducted previously, in which impact of e-governance, m-governance and distance learning on quality of education has been analyzed. So, the current study has been carried out to fill this gap. The research study is based on achieving following objectives;
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To examine the impact of e-governance on quality of education in Asian countries.
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To study the influence of m-governance on quality of education in Asian countries.
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To analyze the effect of distance learning on quality of education in Asian countries.