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Modelling and Simulation of E-Bikes Driven by BLDC Motors

Modelling and Simulation of E-Bikes Driven by BLDC Motors

Maladhi D. (Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India), Selvasundar K, (Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India), Maheedhar Marabathina (Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India), Kripalakshmi T. (Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India), Deepa T. (Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India), angalaeswari S. (Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India), and Subbulekshmi D. (Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India)
Copyright: © 2023 |Pages: 24
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-6631-5.ch006
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Abstract

Recent advancements in e-vehicle technology are becoming an emerging area of research in electrical and chemical engineering. Many studies are going on in the field of battery technology and charging stations, which will take the country to the next level of its infrastructure. Locomotives operated through these technologies offer efficiency and a pollution free environment. An e-bike is an electric bicycle incorporated with an electric motor. Though renovations in the battery technology are a prime factor, usage of appropriate electric motor is yet another important aspect for wider and smoother speed operations. This work discusses the brushless direct current (BLDC) motor, which is used for propulsion. This work presents an e-bike model developed in Simulink/Simscape. The performance of the vehicle at different conditions is observed and studied through simulation. The variations in parameters like speed of vehicle, current drawn by motor, modulated current, and voltage waveforms at different conditions are discussed in this work.
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Modelling Of Brushless Dc (Bldc) Motor And Inverter

BLDC Motor Construction

Motors that use brushless DC (BLDC) technology are quickly gaining prominence. Consumer electronics, automotive, aerospace, consumers, the medical field, industrial automation, and instrumentation are just a few of the industries that use BLDC motors (Babu et al., 2012). BLDC motors do not need brushes for rectification, as the name suggests. Instead, they are corrected electronically. A faster range, high dynamics, high efficiency, extended service life, and noise-free operation are a few of them. Another is speed enhancements for torque characteristics. Additionally, the high torque to motor size ratio makes it beneficial in situations where weight and space considerations are crucial.

Synchronous motors include BLDC motors. This indicates that the magnetic fields produced by the stator and the rotor have the same rotational frequency. Induction motors typically have “slip,” which BLDC motors do not. There are single-phase, two-phase, and three-phase BLDC motor options. The stator's design calls for an equal number of turns. Three-phase motors are the most well-liked and frequently used of these.

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Stator

A BLDC motor's stator consists of stacks of steel laminations with windings inserted into slots which are axially cut along the innermost periphery. It is often shaped like an induction motor, but the windings are placed differently.

Three stator windings are often connected in a star pattern in BLDC motors. Each of these windings is made up of a number of coils joined together to form a winding. A winding is created by inserting one or more coils into the slots and connecting them together. To provide an even number of poles, these windings are placed evenly across the stator's periphery. Sinusoidal and trapezoidal motors are the two types of stator windings. This differentiation is made in order to produce different sorts of back electromotive force. It relies on the coupling of stator coils (EMF).

Each winding of a BLDC motor produces a voltage known as back Electromotive Force which, in accordance with Lenz's Law, opposes the applied voltage provided to the stator windings. This reverse EMF's polarity runs counter to the voltage's activated direction. Three elements in particular influence back EMF:

  • 1)

    Angular velocity of the rotor

  • 2)

    Magnetic field generated by rotor magnets

  • 3)

    The number of turns in the stator windings

In addition to the back EMF, the corresponding types of motor also exhibit sinusoidal and trapezoidal changes in the phase current.

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