Marine Fungal Metabolites: A Future Therapeutic Drug Against Breast and Cervical Cancer – Alternative Medicine

Marine Fungal Metabolites: A Future Therapeutic Drug Against Breast and Cervical Cancer – Alternative Medicine

J. Immanuel Suresh, Iswareya Lakshimi V.
Copyright: © 2022 |Pages: 18
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9258-8.ch010
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Abstract

Fungi from marine environments are promising sources of therapeutics against cancer due to the production of various metabolites which contribute against the cancer cell growth and development. Various marine fungal metabolites have been studied against breast and cervical cancer which are the most common causes of death in women. Scopararane I from marine sediment fungi Eutypella sp. FS46 showed better activity against MCF 7. Alterporriol L from marine fungus Alternaria sp. induced cancer cell apoptosis by altering the reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential. Apoptosis-inducing metabolite NMKD7 from marine sponge fungal symbiont Monascus sp. reported significant anticancer activity against breast cancer. Neoechinulin A and physcion produced by Microsporum sp. exhibited anticancer activity against cervical cancer by altering expressions of p53, caspase-9, etc. This review gives insight about the various marine fungal metabolites with potential anticancer activity against cervical and breast cancer and evidences it as a promising source of anticancer therapeutics.
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Breast Cancer

With an expected 2.3 million new cases in 2020, female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the main cause of global cancer incidence, accounting for 11.7 percent of all cancer cases. With 685,000 deaths worldwide, it is the fifth leading cause of cancer death. Breast cancer affects one out of every four women and is associated with one out of every six cancer fatalities. In the vast majority of countries, breast cancer ranks first in incidence and mortality (Sung et al., 2021). With advancement in molecular techniques like sequencing, gene expression studies of breast cancer have increased. This resulted in the molecular classification of breast cancer into six subtypes based on the expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, estrogen associated genes and genes associated with stimulation of proliferation like HER2. The six subtypes are ER+ tumors namely luminal A and luminal B, HER2 overexpressed tumours, triple negative breast cancer which does not express the foresaid genes, claudin low breast cancer and normal like breast cancer which resembles normal non-cancerous tissue in gene expression. Treatment for breast cancer depends on the type, but general treatment includes endocrine therapy, targeted therapy and chemotherapy (Luque-Bolivar et al., 2020).

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