Lifelong Consumption of Plant-Based GM Foods: Is It Safe?

Lifelong Consumption of Plant-Based GM Foods: Is It Safe?

Matthew Chidozie Ogwu
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-5354-1.ch060
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Abstract

Genetically modified (GM) crops are cultivated in over 30 countries with their products and by-products imported by over 60 countries. This chapter seeks to highlight general concerns and potential lifelong effects of consuming GM plant-based food. The consumption of GM plant-based food is as risky as consuming conventional plant-based food. However, the alien genes in these products may be unstable leading to antinutritional and unintended short-term consequences. Due to the paucity of research, no long-term effects have been attributed to the lifelong consumption of these products. Nonetheless, possible lifelong health and socioeconomic effects may result from outcrossing of genes, increasing antibiotic resistance, development of new diseases, as well as potential effects on the environment and biodiversity. Biotechnology companies need to invest more in interdisciplinary research addressing the potential lifelong effects of these products. Although GM foods are safe for consumption, clarification of current risks and lifelong effects are required.
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Public Perception Of The Needs And Benefits Of Gm Plants

The need to achieve food security has led to the intensification of agriculture, which naturally interferes with natural ecological cycles. The agricultural sector contributes to the emission of environmentally dangerous chemicals like ammonia, methane, and nitrates (Zhu et al., 2006). GM plants held under cultivation has long been considered as a sustainable alternative to attain food self-sufficiency and sovereignty albeit controversial. The three pathways by which GM crops contribute to food security include increasing food production and availability, influencing food safety and quality as well as enhancing the economic and social situation of farmers, thereby influencing food accessibility (Qaim and Kouser, 2013). Hunger is a major threat to humanity and it affects an estimated more than 1 billion people many of whom live in developing countries (Delaney, 2015; Hefferon, 2016). It remains our moral obligation to feed the hungry billions. To this end, the GM crop movement has overseen enormous good but also presented significant adverse consequences and prompted controversies (Schlett and Beke, 2015).

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