IoT-Integrated Machine Learning-Based Automated Precision Agriculture-Indoor Farming Techniques

Introduction

Agriculture is one of the key sources that plays a significant part in the life of the country's economy. Traditional agriculture refers to the conventional farming methods that have been practiced for centuries, relying on manual labor and basic tools. In traditional agriculture, farmers often work in small plots of land using traditional seeds and farming practices passes down through the generations while traditional agriculture has played a crucial role in meeting food demands, it does have it disadvantages. One significant drawbacks is its relatively low efficiency and productivity. Manual labor-intensive tasks can be time-consuming and labor demanding, leading to potential wastage of water, fertilizers and pesticides. Moreover, traditional agriculture is more susceptible to the adverse effects of unpredictable weather conditions and environmental factors which can result in lower yields and economic losses. Meanwhile, food security is a global challenge and impacted by rapidly compounding effects of climate changes, population trends and supply chain shortcomings.

Agriculture's global impact cannot be overstated, as it remains the primary source of food for humanity. Despite the fact that the human population continues to grow, agricultural land remains static (Virk et al.2020). The authors (Mesgaran et al. 2017) also discovered that the ever-changing climatic conditions significantly reduce agricultural product output in conventional agricultural systems. As a result of the varying nature of farming resources and poor management, farmers continue to experience low agricultural output.