IoT-Integrated Architecture for Prompt Heart Disease Identification

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the major reason of death everywhere and pose a serious threat human health and international healthcare frameworks. Heart failure, peripheral artery infections, coronary artery infection, valvular heart disorders, and heart failure are instances of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), that are defined by ailments that impact the heart and blood vessels. WHO reports that 17.9 million deaths globally occur as a result of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). There is a concerning increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, which may be attributed to several causes such bad eating habits, sedentary lifestyles, tobacco use, and ageing populations. These diseases not only significantly increase the mortality rate but also put a significant financial burden on healthcare systems. Beyond direct medical expenditures, the costs of treating and managing cardiovascular illnesses moreover consists of secondary expenses including missed productivity and a lowered grade of life for people affected. The expense of CVDs is growing, and both industrialised and emerging nations are finding it difficult to control it. Even while these diseases have traditionally been associated with affluent neighbourhoods, they are becoming more prevalent in places where the socioeconomic landscape is shifting. Urbanisation, the global spread of unhealthy lifestyles, and the rise in risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and elevated cholesterol may all be attributed to this shift. One excellent example of this worldwide pandemic of cardiovascular diseases is the Asia-Pacific region. CVDs were formerly thought to occur less often in this location, but they are now becoming much more common.

Western eating habits, fast urbanisation, and lifestyle changes has all been linked to a terrible increase in hypertension, a major risk factor for CVD occurrences. Since the rates of CVD-based morbidity and mortality are rising in countries like India, effective prevention methods are clearly required. The burden of cardiovascular ailments is increased in Africa due to the confluence of infectious diseases and a lacklustre healthcare system. The interplay between contagious diseases like HIV/AIDS and TB and non-communicable infections like CVD disease presents a unique challenge to the region's healthcare systems. These disorders show the complexity and variety of the global cardiovascular disease pandemic.

Individuals who suffer from cardiovascular problems have an impact on their quality of life in addition to mortality. Survivors must face with long-term repercussions such as reduced productivity, disability, and increased vulnerability to recurrent heart attacks. This demonstrates how critical it is to abandon conventional therapeutic approaches in favour of proactive strategies focused on early diagnosis and prevention. Based on the growing global load of CVD disorders, IoT-dependent smart systems have the power to have a huge instance of invention and transformative medication. Such application models would be at the forefront of a technological revolution by using the IoT (Pramanik, S. 2023) to cautiously direct the problems presented by CVD illnesses. The first line of protection is an advanced sensor-equipped wearable (Ahamad, S. et al. 2023), which continuously collects users' vital health data. Through seamless contact with the cloud infrastructure, the data on these devices is analysed in real-time using modern machine learning algorithms. These gadgets monitor the user's current health status and may also predict potential cardiovascular risks based on insights and trends in the data collected. The work done in this chapter has been very beneficial to the development of a connected health framework and the smooth operation of transmission between medical equipment and providers. Factors such as feedback loops, proactive health management, and user-based interfaces clearly demonstrate the user-centric approach. Statistical evidence is provided by medical validation and trials that confirm the systems’ effectiveness in practical approaches. Globally, the incidence of CVD diseases is rising, which calls for a paradigm shift in healthcare practices. To solve this problem, creative and comprehensive approaches that use IoT technical advancements are required. In the sections that follow, we will go into great depth on the development and deployment of PulseGuard, an IoT-dependent Intelligent Approach designed to prosper in a newer age of earlier diagnosis and treatment of CVD problems.