This chapter presents a system design and architecture that incorporates AI, IoT, and ML-based solutions for data collection, analysis, and interpretation in the nano-materials industry. It consists of three components: data acquisition, data analytics, and decision-making. The system incorporates robust security measures, such as authentication, access control, encryption, and Industry 4.0 principles, to ensure the security and privacy of data. The proposed system was used to collect, analyze, and interpret data from the production, resulting in improved quality, increased efficiency, and reduced waste. AI, IoT, and ML-based solutions have the potential to revolutionize nano-materials research and production, improving productivity, reducing costs, and improving quality.
TopIntroduction
Nano-materials are materials that have unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties due to their nanoscale size. These materials are typically composed of particles that are smaller than 100 nanometers in size, and they can be engineered to have specific properties for a variety of applications. Nano-materials can be made from a range of materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. They have a large surface area to volume ratio, which can lead to increased reactivity, strength, and other unique properties compared to their bulk counterparts(Wu et al., 2020). Some of the properties that are unique to nano-materials include:
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Optical properties: Nano-materials can exhibit unique optical properties, such as color changes and fluorescence, due to the quantum confinement of electrons in their structure.
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Mechanical properties: Nano-materials can have high strength and toughness due to their small size and unique structure.
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Electrical properties: Nano-materials can have different electrical properties than their bulk counterparts due to the quantum confinement of electrons.
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Chemical properties: Nano-materials can have increased reactivity due to their large surface area, making them useful for catalysis and other chemical reactions.
Due to their unique properties, nano-materials have a wide range of applications in fields such as electronics, energy, medicine, and environmental science. Some examples of nano-materials include carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, nanoparticles, and nanofibers. However, the use of nano-materials also raises concerns about their potential environmental and health impacts, and research is ongoing to understand these issues and ensure safe use and disposal of these materials.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of connected devices that can communicate with each other and share data. These devices can include sensors, smartphones, wearable devices, and other objects that are embedded with electronics, software, and network connectivity. IoT technology enables devices to gather and transmit data to cloud-based servers or other devices in real-time, allowing for remote monitoring and control of physical systems(Jeevanantham et al., 2023; Saha1 et al., n.d.).
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating intelligent machines that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making. AI technology can be divided into two categories: narrow or weak AI and general or strong AI. Narrow AI is designed to perform a specific task, such as image recognition or speech-to-text conversion. General AI, on the other hand, aims to replicate human-level intelligence across a wide range of tasks.
Optimization technologies refer to methods and algorithms used to find the best solution to a given problem, often involving maximizing or minimizing an objective function subject to certain constraints. Optimization techniques are widely used in a variety of fields, including engineering, economics, finance, and computer science. Optimization techniques can include linear programming, nonlinear programming, integer programming, dynamic programming, and heuristic algorithms(Gardašević et al., 2017).
Together, IoT, AI, and Optimization technologies can be used to create powerful solutions for a variety of applications. For example, IoT can be used to collect data from sensors in real-time, AI can be used to analyze the data and make predictions, and Optimization can be used to find the best course of action based on the analysis. This approach can be applied to many fields, including transportation, energy management, healthcare, and environmental monitoring, among others(Senthil et al., 2023; Vanitha et al., 2023).